(a) Development of adherent structures during ventralization of AFE between d6 and d8 (see protocol Supplementary Fig. 1b), that could be expanded in suspension culture (d10, d20). Representative of >50 independent experiments (ESCs and iPSCs). Scale bars 250 µm. (b) Cellular expansion during the generation of LBOs (mean±s.e.m, n=3 independent experiments in RUES2 ESCs). The source data can be found in Supplementary Table 4. (c) Expression of EPCAM, KRT8, NKX2.1, FOXA1, and P63 in d25 LBOs. Representative of >10 independent experiments in ESCs and iPSCs. Scale bars 100 µm. (d) Staining of d25 LBO for ECADH and PDGFRA. Representative of 3 independent experiments in RUES2 ESCs. Scale bar 250 µm. (e) Expression of endodermal and mesodermal markers in the EPCAM+ and EPCAM− fraction of d25 LBOs determined by RNAseq (3 independent biological replicates, RUES2 ESCs).