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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Dent Assoc. 2017 Dec;148(12):868–877. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2017.09.011

Table 1.

Demographics

Variable All Sites BWH UPENN CMC UConn NYU P-value
Number of people 355 95 104 69 38 49
Sex: 0.1798
  Male 274 (77.2%) 73 (76.8%) 86 (82.7%) 52 (75.4%) 31 (81.6%) 32 (65.3%)
  Female 81 (22.8%) 22 (23.2%) 18 (17.3%) 17 (24.6%) 7 (18.4%) 17 (34.7%)
Age (mean years (SD)): 59.9 (11.0) 61.2 (8.7) 58.9 (10.3) 60.3 (11.7) 58.7 (10.1) 59.9 (15.5) 0.5823
Highest Grade: 0.0010
High School Graduate or less 102 (28.7%) 17 (17.9%) 29 (27.9%) 24(34.8%) 11(28.9%) 21(42.9%)
Post-High School Education 251 (70.7%) 77 (81.1%) 74 (71.2%) 45(65.2%) 26 (68.4%) 28 (57.1%)
  Decline 2 (0.6%) 1 (1.1%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.6%) 0 (0%)
Race: 0.0010
  White 294 (82.8%) 91 (95.8%) 94 (90.4%) 55 (79.7%) 34 (89.5%) 20 (40.8%)
  Black 31 (8.7%) 2 (2.1%) 3 (3.9%) 11 (15.9%) 3 (7.9%) 11 (22.4%)
  Multiracial 5 (1.4%) 1 (1.1%) 1 (1.0%) 2 (2.9%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.0%)
  Asian 16 (4.5%) 1 (1.1%) 2 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 13 (26.5%)
  Native Hawaiian 1 (0.3%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%)
  Native American 1 (0.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (2.6%) 0 (0%)
  Don't Know/Declined 7 (2.0%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.0%) 1 (1.5%) 0 (0%) 4 (8.2%)
Ethnicity: <.0001
  Hispanic 18 (5.1%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.0%) 4 (5.8%) 2 (5.3%) 11 (22.4%)
  Non-Hispanic 337 (94.9%) 95 (100%) 103 (99.0%) 65 (94.2%) 36 (94.7%) 38 (77.6%)
Type of Med. Insurance
  No Insurance: 0.0010
    No 345 (97.2%) 95 (100%) 104 (100%) 65 (94.2%) 38 (100%) 43 (87.8%)
    Yes 10 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 4 (5.8%) 0 (0%) 6 (12.2%)
  Private Insurance: <.0001
    No 75 (21.1%) 7 (7.4%) 1 (1.0%) 24 (34.8%) 13 (34.2%) 30 (61.2%)
    Yes 280 (78.9%) 88 (92.6%) 103 (99.0%) 45 (65.2%) 25 (65.8%) 19 (38.8%)
  Medicare: 0.0064
    No 263 (74.1%) 76 (80.0%) 84 (80.8%) 41 (59.4%) 30 (78.9%) 32 (65.3%)
    Yes 92 (25.9%) 19 (20.0%) 20 (19.2%) 28 (40.6%) 8 (21.1%) 17 (34.7%)
  Medicaid: 0.0005
    No 314 (88.5%) 88 (92.6%) 103 (99.0%) 64 (92.8%) 30 (78.9%) 29 (59.2%)
    Yes 41 (11.5%) 7 (7.4%) 1 (0.99%) 5 (7.3%) 8 (21.1%) 20 (40.8%)
Dental Insurance: <.0001
  No 126 (35.5%) 26 (27.4%) 24 (23.1%) 40 (58.0%) 15 (39.5%) 21 (42.9%)
  Yes 229 (64.5%) 69 (72.6%) 80 (76.9%) 29 (42.0%) 23 (60.5%) 28 (57.1%)

Note: The sample size varies slightly between tables because different data items come from different case-report forms and not all forms were completed for all study participants at the time of the analysis