Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Infants With and Without Intraventricular Hemorrhage
| Demographic/Clinical Characteristics | Infants with IVH n=45 |
Infants Without IVH n=294 |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiac Diagnosis, n (%) | 0.58 | ||
| Single ventricle physiology | 15 (34) | 103 (35) | |
| TGA or TGA physiology | 10 (22) | 58 (20) | |
| Systemic blood flow obstruction | 6 (13) | 43 (15) | |
| Pulmonary blood flow obstruction | 8 (18) | 31(10) | |
| Other | 6 (13) | 59 (20) | |
|
| |||
| GA at birth (weeks), median (IQR) | 36.0 (32.5–38.0) | 38.0 (37.0–39.0) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| Birthweight (kg), median (IQR) | 2.61 (1.73–3.26) | 3.08 (2.60–3.45) | <0.001 |
|
| |||
| HC at birth (cm), median (IQR) | 31.8 (29.0–34.0) | 33.5 (32.0–34.5) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 30 (67) | 182 (62) | 0.54 |
|
| |||
| Race, n (%) | 0.007 | ||
| Caucasian | 34 (76) | 213 (72) | |
| African American | 9 (20) | 25 (9) | |
| Ethnic Minority or Unknown | 2 (4) | 56 (19) | |
|
| |||
| Prenatal diagnosis, n (%) | 23 (51) | 156 (53) | 0.76 |
|
| |||
| Inborn, n (%) | 17 (38) | 119 (41) | 0.73 |
|
| |||
| Cesarean delivery, n (%) | 24 (53) | 135 (46) | 0.48 |
|
| |||
| Indication for Delivery, n (%) | 0.05 | ||
| Spontaneous labor | 16 (36) | 105 (36) | |
| Induction or scheduled cesarean delivery | 10 (22) | 80 (27) | |
| Maternal or fetal Indication | 16 (36) | 49 (17) | |
| Unknown | 3 (6) | 60 (20) | |
|
| |||
| 5 minute Apgar score, median (IQR) | 8 (7–9) | 8 (8–9) | 0.001 |
|
| |||
| Extra-cardiac anomalies/chromosomal abnormalities, n (%) | 13 (29) | 59 (20) | 0.18 |
|
| |||
| Preoperative catheterization, n (%) | 12 (27) | 83 (28) | 0.74 |
|
| |||
| Type of Cardiac Intervention, n (%) | 0.08a | ||
| Cardiopulmonary bypass | 20 (45) | 178 (60) | |
| No cardiopulmonary bypass | 11 (24) | 81 (28) | |
| Catheter-based intervention | 4 (9) | 9 (3) | |
| No surgery | 10 (22) | 26 (9) | |
|
| |||
| Age at surgery (days), median (IQR) | 9 (6–27) | 7 (5–11) | .03 |
|
| |||
| Treatment with ECMO, n (%) | 9 (20) | 20 (7) | 0.01 |
|
| |||
| Death, n (%) | 20 (44) | 65 (22) | 0.001 |
TGA = transposition of the great arteries, GA = gestational age, HC = head circumference, IQR = interquartile range, ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
a
Represents the Chi-square p Value when comparing operative interventions, excluding those that did not have surgery, to determine the effect of the intervention.