Figure 4.

Inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling mediates genipin-induced anticancer effects. (A) Western blot analysis of the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt in bladder cancer cells with or without genipin (30 or 60 µM). Bar graphs indicate densitometric analysis of western blots from three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. vehicle-treated cells. (B and C) Bladder cancer cells were transfected with active Akt-expressing plasmid or empty vector prior to exposure to 60 µM genipin for 48 h. (B) MTT assay was performed to test cell viability. (C) Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis following Annexin V/propidium iodide staining. Bar graphs present data from three independent experiments. *P<0.05 for indicated comparisons. PI3K, phosphoinositide-3 kinase; Akt, protein kinase B; pPI3K, phosphorylated PI3K; pAkt, phosphorylated Akt.