Table 1. The psychological and psychopathological characteristics of the study group.
| Psychometric tools | N | Mean | Min | Max | SD | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Perceived Stress Scale | PSS Raw score | 42 | 18.6 | 8.0 | 29.0 | 5.2 |
| PSS Sten Score | 42 | 6.12 | 3.00 | 9.00 | 1.59 | |
| The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale | HADS Anxiety Score | 42 | 7.62 | 0.00 | 18.00 | 4.08 |
| HADS Depression Score | 42 | 5.05 | 0.00 | 15.00 | 3.92 | |
| The Pain Coping Strategies Questionnaire | CSQ Diverting Attention | 39 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 28.0 | 8.4 |
| CSQ Reinterpreting Pain Sensations | 39 | 7.95 | 0.00 | 24.00 | 7.43 | |
| CSQ Catastrophizing | 39 | 8.15 | 0.00 | 36.00 | 7.38 | |
| CSQ Ignoring Sensations | 39 | 11.8 | 0.0 | 24.0 | 7.8 | |
| CSQ Praying and Hoping | 39 | 17.2 | 0.0 | 33.0 | 9.1 | |
| CSQ Coping Self-statements | 39 | 20.0 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 9.4 | |
| CSQ Increased Behavioral Activities | 39 | 14.7 | 0.0 | 32 | 9.1 | |
| CSQ Pain Controll | 39 | 3.54 | 0.00 | 6 | 1.25 | |
| CSQ Pain Behaviour | 39 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 6 | 1.19 | |
| The Psychological General Well-Being Index | PGWBI Anxiety | 41 | 15.2 | 5.0 | 25 | 5.0 |
| PGWBI Depression | 41 | 10.2 | 1.0 | 15 | 2.8 | |
| PGWBI Positive Well-Being | 41 | 9.76 | 2.00 | 15 | 2.69 | |
| PGWBI Self-control | 41 | 10.6 | 3.0 | 15 | 2.9 | |
| PGWBI General Health | 41 | 7.73 | 3.00 | 13 | 2.53 | |
| PGWBI Vitality | 41 | 11.20 | 2.0 | 20 | 3.4 | |
| PGWBI Total General Well-Being | 41 | 63.1 | 0.0 | 98 | 19.3 |