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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Jul 5;23(19):5892–5911. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0001

Determination of anti-HERV-K antibodies and vRNA levels of HERV-K in sera. A, anti-HERV-K (SU) (left panel) and anti-NP9 (right panel) serum antibody ELISA titers were compared between PC patients (N = 106) and normal donors (N = 20). A significantly higher titer of anti-HERV-K antibodies against SU (P = 0.028) and NP9 (P = 0.012) was observed in PC patients than in controls using the Mann-Whitney test. B, expression of HERV-K env (HERV-K env SU; left panel) or gag (HERV-K gag; right panel) vRNA was significantly higher in the sera obtained from PC patients than from normal donors (P = 0.0053 for env and P = 0.0044 for gag) by qRT-PCR. C, the levels of HERV-K vRNAs were further confirmed by RT-PCR using primers specific for both types (Kty1 and Kty2) of HERV-K env SU. The samples shown here include those with the highest (PC168 and PC160 from PC patients and ND2 and ND5 from normal donors) and lowest (PC58 from a PC patient and ND44 from a normal donor) copy number of env determined by qRT-PCR. The bands with the strongest intensity were detected for PC168 and PC160, and very weak bands were detected for ND2 and ND5 (type 1) or PC58 (type 2). No band was detected for ND44. For statistical analysis, an unpaired two-tailed t-test was used.

Determination of anti-HERV-K antibodies and vRNA levels of HERV-K in sera. A, anti-HERV-K (SU) (left panel) and anti-NP9 (right panel) serum antibody ELISA titers were compared between PC patients (N = 106) and normal donors (N = 20). A significantly higher titer of anti-HERV-K antibodies against SU (P = 0.028) and NP9 (P = 0.012) was observed in PC patients than in controls using the Mann-Whitney test. B, expression of HERV-K env (HERV-K env SU; left panel) or gag (HERV-K gag; right panel) vRNA was significantly higher in the sera obtained from PC patients than from normal donors (P = 0.0053 for env and P = 0.0044 for gag) by qRT-PCR. C, the levels of HERV-K vRNAs were further confirmed by RT-PCR using primers specific for both types (Kty1 and Kty2) of HERV-K env SU. The samples shown here include those with the highest (PC168 and PC160 from PC patients and ND2 and ND5 from normal donors) and lowest (PC58 from a PC patient and ND44 from a normal donor) copy number of env determined by qRT-PCR. The bands with the strongest intensity were detected for PC168 and PC160, and very weak bands were detected for ND2 and ND5 (type 1) or PC58 (type 2). No band was detected for ND44. For statistical analysis, an unpaired two-tailed t-test was used.