Table 2.

Biomarker levels in control and DCM populations.

	GDF-15 (pg/ml)	MMP2 (ng/ml)	MMP9 (ng/ml)	TIMP1 (ng/ml)	MMP3 (ng/ml)
Control (n = 8)	516 ± 146	626 ± 100	592 ± 210	280 ± 23	5.5 ± 2
DCM (n = 24)	3203 ± 1354	848 ± 167	976 ± 238	565 ± 173	9.7 ± 2.8
One-tailed pvalue	0.01	0.01	0.006	0.001	0.006
Two-tailed p value	0.02	0.02	0.013	0.002	0.013

GDF: growth and differentiation factor-15; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP1: tissue inhibitor of MMP 1; DCM: dilated cardiomyopathy; sST2: soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2 protein.