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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 7.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2017 Jul 7;121(2):162–180. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.306458

Table I.

Estimated premature mortality associated with different source categories of outdoor air pollution in different geographic areas (2010)

Source Category % mortality
global		 % mortality
USA		 Geographic Area Major constituents
Residential energy 31 6 China, India, Indonesia, Vietnam CO2, CO, VOCs, NOx, SO2, Hg, PM2.5
Agriculture 20 29 Europe, Russia, Japan, Eastern USA Inorganic PM2.5, NH3, sulfates nitrates
Power generation 14 31 USA, Russia, Korea, Turkey Sulfate and nitrate containing PM2.5, Hg
Industry 7 6 Japan, Germany, China Sulfate containing PM2.5, VOCs, hydrocarbons
Biomass burning 5 5 Canada, Africa, South America, Australia, Southeast Asia PM2.5, NOx, CO, SO2, Pb, Hg
Land traffic 5 21 USA, Germany, Russia, Japan Ultrafine PM, PM2.5, NOx, VOCs, ozone
Natural sources 18 2 Africa and Middle East PM10, Airborne dust

Data from Lelieveld et al., 2017120