Figure 3. Inhibition of autophagy does not mitigate the cytotoxic effect of NCTD.

(A) Autophagy suppression by the autophagy inhibitor HCQ (0, 5, 10, 20 μM). (B) LC3 and p62 expression in HCC cells exposed to 40 μM NCTD, 10 μM HCQ, or both drugs combined. (C) Cell viability analysis in 97H and HepG2 cells; combined treatment with NCTD and HCQ did not affect proliferation. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM.