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. 2018 Feb;28(2):143–156. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.10.002

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Key Figure: Hallmarks of Bacterial Infection Observed Using Zebrafish

(A) Upon Salmonella Typhimurium infection, mitochondria (Mitotracker staining) produce ROS (MitoSOX staining) within macrophages (labeled with the macrophage-expressed gene 1 reporter Tg(Mpeg1:eGFP)gl22). White line: overlap between Mitotracker and MitoSOX. Adapted from [16]. (B, B′) Emergency granulopoiesis response in control (PBS injected) versus S. Typhimurium infected zebrafish larvae. Neutrophils are labeled with the lysozyme c reporter Tg(Lyz:DsRed)nz50. Arrows: direction of blood flow. Adapted from [20]. (C) Septin cage entrapment of Shigella flexneri visualized by SEPT7 immunolabeling. Adapted from [22]. (D) Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus predation of S. flexneri in the zebrafish hindbrain ventricle (outlined by broken box). Adapted from [28]. (E) Neutrophil labeled with the myeloperoxidase reporter Tg(Mpx:eGFP)uwm1) digesting Pseudomonas aeruginosa. White arrow: vacuole containing strong mCherry signal from P. aeruginosa. Black arrow: vacuole containing faint mCherry signal from P. aeruginosa. Adapted from [29]. (F) Macrophages (labeled with Tg(Mpeg1:mcherry-F)ump2) responding to Burkholderia cenocepacia infection with upregulation of interleukin-1β (labeled with the il-1b reporter Tg(il-1b:eGFP-F)zf550). Adapted from [33]. (G) Electron micrograph of Listeria monocytogenes (black arrowhead) propelled by an actin tail. Adapted from [35]. (H) Phagocytes infected with Staphylococcus aureus labeled with two different colors (S. aureus 1, S. aureus 2). Clearance of the inoculum will select a few persisters, leading to clonal selection. Adapted from [40]. (I) Recruitment of the autophagy marker LC3 (Tg(CMV:eGFP-LC3)zf155) to Mycobacterium marinum. Adapted from [60]. (J) Mycobacterium abscessus (R morphotype) presenting extracellular cording in a blood vessel (labeled with the kinase insert domain reporter Tg(kdr:eGFP)s843). Adapted from [66]. (K) Mycobacterium leprae infection, exacerbating neuronal damage, by altering axonal myelin (white arrowheads: myelin, labeled with the myelin basic protein reporter Tg(mbp:eGFP-CAAX)ue2). Adapted from [69]. Abbreviations: DA, dorsal aorta; m, melanophore; PCV, posterior cardinal vein; ROS, reactive oxygen species.