Table 1.

Poverty exposure variable definitions.

Variable	Definition
Early Life Poverty	1 = in poverty at any year ages 0-5
	0 = no poverty ages 0-5
Mid-Childhood Poverty	1 = in poverty at any year ages 6-10
	0 = no poverty ages 6-10
Early Adolescent Poverty	1 = in poverty at any year ages 11-15
	0 = no poverty ages 11-15
Cumulative Poverty	Sum of early life, mid-childhood and early adolescent variables (range: 0–3)
Early Upward Mobility	1 = poverty in early life but no poverty in mid-childhood
	0 = all else
Early Downward Mobility	1 = no poverty in early life but poverty in mid-childhood
	0 = all else
Later Upward Mobility	1 = poverty in mid-childhood but no poverty in early adolescence
	0 = all else
Later Downward Mobility	1 = no poverty in mid-childhood but poverty in early adolescence
	0 = all else
Persistent Poverty	1 = poverty in early life, mid-childhood and early adolescence
	0 = all else
Any Poverty	1 = poverty in early life, mid-childhood or early adolescence
	0 = all else