Table 3.
Associations Between Time-Varying Exposures and Admission to Hospice in Last Year of Life According to Condition Leading to Death
| Time-Varying Exposure | Cancer N = 100 |
Advanced Dementia N = 108 |
Organ Failure N = 114 |
Frailty N = 167 |
Other Condition N = 73 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) a | |||||
| Specific month b | |||||
| Any restricting symptoms | 2.72 (1.56–4.75) | 1.31 (0.81–2.14) | 2.03 (1.13–3.67) | 1.53 (0.83–2.83) | 1.50 (0.59–3.82) |
| Per no. restricting symptoms c | 1.16 (1.05–1.27) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 1.07 (0.99–1.15) | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) |
| Per no. disabilities d | 1.12 (1.04–1.21) | 1.05 (0.89–1.24) | 1.13 (1.00–1.29) | 1.21 (1.06–1.38) | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) |
| Cumulative number of months e | |||||
| Any restricting symptoms | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 1.17 (1.01–1.37) | 1.14 (0.98–1.33) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
a
Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, years of education, living situation, number of chronic conditions, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, low social support and months since prior comprehensive assessment.
b
Results reflect the marginal (i.e. average) effect of each exposure at month t-1 on hospice admission at month t.
c
Possible range: 0 to 15
d
Possible range: 0 to 13
e
Results reflect the effect of each additional month with any restricting symptoms as a time-varying exposure (up to month t-1) on hospice admission at month t.