Table 1.
Stroke incidence studies in Africa
| Country, Location, Setting | Author, y | Study period | Recruitment | Case definition | Confirmation by CT or MRI | Classification: first or recurrent | Classification of ischemic stroke | Denominator population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gold standard/recommendations | Feigin,16 2004, Sudlow,21 1996, and Vandenbroucke,68 2013 | At least 3 y | Population or community based, prospective, hot pursuit | WHO definition/criteria | >80% | Yes | Yes | Large, well‐defined, and stable population |
| Eastern Africa | ||||||||
| Tanzania, rural | Walker,12 2011 | June 15, 2003, until June 15, 2006 | Community and health institution based | WHO definition | <80% | Yes | No | Yes |
| Tanzania, rural and urban | Walker,8 2010 | June 15, 2003, until June 15, 2006 | Community and health institution based | WHO definition | <80% | Yes | No | Yes |
| Northern Africa | ||||||||
| Egypt, Qena, mixed | Khedr,10 2014 | September 1, 2011, to August 31, 2013 | Door‐to‐door, community based | Not stated | >80% | Yes | No | Yes |
| Egypt, Al‐Kharga, mixed | Farghaly,39 2013 | June 1, 2005, to May 31, 2008 | Door‐to‐door survey, in three phases | WHO criteria | <80% | No | Yes | Yes |
| Egypt, Al Quseir, urban | El‐Tallawy,42 2013 | July 1, 2009, to January 31, 2012 | Door‐to‐door survey | WHO criteria | >80% | No | No | Yes |
| Libya, Benghazi, urban | Ashok,27 1986 | November 1, 1983, and October 31, 1984 | Health institution based | US National Survey of Stroke | >80% | No | Yes | Yes |
| Southern Africa | ||||||||
| South Africa, Atteridgeville, and Mamelodi suburban areas of Pretoria, urban | Rosman29 1986 | May 1, 1984, through April 30, 1985 | Health institution based | Harvard Cooperative Stroke Registry | <80% | No | Yes | Yes |
| South Africa, Agincourt subdistrict, rural | Maredza,71 2000 | 2007–2011 | Population based | Not stated | No | No | No | Yes |
| Mozambique | Damasceno,44 2011 | August 1, 2005, to July 31, 2006 | Health institution based | WHO definition | >80% | Yes | No | Yes (Maputo City population aged 25 years according to the 2007 Census) |
| Western Africa | ||||||||
| Nigeria, Ibadan, urban | Osuntokun,38 1979 | April 1, 1973, to March 30, 1975 | Health institution based | Not stated | No | Yes | Yes | Yes (projection of the 1963 Census) |
| Nigeria, Lagos, urban | Danesi,43 2013 | Between January 1 and December 31, 2007 | Health institution based | WHO definition | <80% | Yes | No | Yes |
| Nigeria, Akure, urban | Okon,72 2015 | Between November 1, 2010, and October 31, 2011 | Both healthcare and population based | Not stated | >80% | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; WHO, World Health Organization.
See supporting information for references 42, 43, 44, 68, 71, and 72.