Table 2.

Prevalence studies

Country, Location, Setting	First author, y	Recruitment	Case definition	Clarification by CT or MRI	Denominator population
Gold standard/recommendation	Feigin,19 2003 and Vandenbroucke,68 2013	Community door‐to‐door based	WHO definition/criteria	Yes (>80%)	Well‐defined and stable population
Eastern Africa
Tanzania, rural	Walker,73 2000	Community and health institution based	WHO definition	No	Yes
Northern Africa
Egypt, Qena, mixed	Khedr,10 2014	Door‐to‐door, community based	Not stated	>80%	Yes
Egypt, Al‐Kharga, mixed	Farghaly,39 2013	Door‐to‐door survey, in three phases	WHO criteria	<80%	Yes
Egypt, Al Quseir, urban	El‐Tallawy,42 2013	Door‐to‐door survey	WHO criteria	>80%	Yes
Egypt, Assiut, urban	Khedr,60 2013	Three‐phase door‐to‐door community‐based study	WHO criteria	<80%	Yes
Morocco, Casablanca and Rabat, mixed	Engels,74 2014	Two‐phase door‐to‐door community‐based survey	WHO criteria	Yes but percentage not stated	Yes
Western Africa
Nigeria, Lagos, urban	Danesi,36 2007	Community based	WHO definition	No	Yes
Nigeria, middle belt region semiurban	Sanya,37 2015	Community based	WHO criteria	No	Yes
Nigeria, multicenter study in urban centers	Madu,75 2014	Health institution based	Not stated	No	Yes
Nigeria, Zaria, urban	Danjuma,76 2005	Health institution based	Not stated	No	No
Nigeria, Niger‐Delta/Ebubu and Usokun, rural	Ezejimofor,9 2017	Door‐to‐door, community based	WHO criteria	No	Yes
Nigeria, Niger Delta/Kegbara‐Dere, rural	Onwuchekwa,77 2014	Door‐to‐door, community based	WHO criteria	No	Yes
Benin, Cotonou, urban	Cossi,78 2012	Door‐to‐door community‐based survey in three phases	WHO criteria	<80%	Yes

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; WHO, World Health Organization.

See supporting information for references 68, 42, 60, 73–78.