Table 1. Characteristics of cases and controls.
| Before matching | Frequency matching by age and index year | Propensity score matching | |||||||
| No PE/DVT (n = 392614) | PE/DVT (n = 2282) | p value | No PE/DVT (n = 9128) | PE/DVT (n = 2282) | p value | No PE/DVT (n = 8690) | PE/DVT (n = 2227) | p value | |
| Age | 43.15 ± 16.83 | 64.05 ± 16.11 | < 0.001 | 63.38 ± 16.16 | 64.05 ± 16.11 | 0.076 | 63.6 ± 16.08 | 64.01 ± 16.05 | 0.281 |
| Income | 15921 ± 13267 | 12339 ± 11740 | < 0.001 | 130233 ± 12668 | 12339 ± 11740 | 0.014 | 12473.84 ± 12295.71 | 12415 ± 11794.15 | 0.839 |
| Comorbidity disease at baseline | |||||||||
| Hypertension | 54776 (13.95%) | 1318 (57.76%) | < 0.001 | 3512 (38.48%) | 1318 (57.76%) | < 0.001 | 4914 (56.55%) | 1266 (56.85%) | 0.799 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 27001 (6.88%) | 581 (25.46%) | < 0.001 | 1481 (16.22%) | 581 (25.46%) | < 0.001 | 2100 (24.17%) | 550 (24.7%) | 0.602 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24248 (6.18%) | 638 (27.96%) | < 0.001 | 1557 (17.06%) | 638 (27.96%) | < 0.001 | 2210 (25.43%) | 602 (27.03%) | 0.123 |
| Obesity | 754 (0.19%) | 26 (1.14%) | < 0.001 | 26 (0.28%) | 26 (1.14%) | < 0.001 | 74 (0.85%) | 22 (0.99%) | 0.539 |
| CKD | 7455 (1.9%) | 413 (18.1%) | < 0.001 | 475 (5.2%) | 413 (18.1%) | < 0.001 | 1087 (12.51%) | 371 (16.66%) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 11095 (2.83%) | 415 (18.19%) | < 0.001 | 876 (9.6%) | 415 (18.19%) | < 0.001 | 1390 (16%) | 388 (17.42%) | 0.104 |
| COPD | 19973 (5.09%) | 474 (20.77%) | < 0.001 | 1029 (11.27%) | 474 (20.77%) | < 0.001 | 1572 (18.09%) | 451 (20.25%) | 0.019 |
| CAD | 17199 (4.38%) | 612 (26.82%) | < 0.001 | 1247 (13.66%) | 612 (26.82%) | < 0.001 | 2053 (23.62%) | 579 (26%) | 0.019 |
| CHF | 5937 (1.51%) | 464 (20.33%) | < 0.001 | 483 (5.29%) | 464 (20.33%) | < 0.001 | 1256 (14.45%) | 425 (19.08%) | < 0.001 |
| PAOD | 1423 (0.36%) | 150 (6.57%) | < 0.001 | 97 (1.06%) | 150 (6.57%) | < 0.001 | 282 (3.25%) | 123 (5.52%) | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac dysarrhythmia | 8970 (2.28%) | 342 (14.99%) | < 0.001 | 578 (6.33%) | 342 (14.99%) | < 0.001 | 1063 (12.23%) | 324 (14.55%) | 0.003 |
| Cancer | 8217 (2.09%) | 428 (18.76%) | < 0.001 | 440 (4.82%) | 428 (18.76%) | < 0.001 | 1239 (14.26%) | 397 (17.83%) | < 0.001 |
| Anemia | 14468 (3.69%) | 397 (17.4%) | < 0.001 | 581 (6.37%) | 397 (17.4%) | < 0.001 | 1097 (12.62%) | 362 (16.26%) | < 0.001 |
| Lower leg fracture or surgery | 8123 (2.07%) | 363 (15.91%) | < 0.001 | 567 (6.21%) | 363 (15.91%) | < 0.001 | 1096 (12.61%) | 345 (15.49%) | < 0.001 |
| Medication use | |||||||||
| Diabetic drugs | 17475 (4.45%) | 466 (20.42%) | < 0.002 | 1143 (12.52%) | 466 (20.42%) | < 0.001 | 1624 (18.69%) | 437 (19.62%) | 0.315 |
| Statin | 15102 (3.85%) | 449 (19.68%) | < 0.001 | 943 (10.33%) | 449 (19.68%) | < 0.001 | 1543 (17.76%) | 419 (18.81%) | 0.246 |
| Hormonal replacement therapy | 22738 (5.79%) | 318 (13.94%) | < 0.001 | 979 (10.73%) | 318 (13.94%) | < 0.001 | 1201 (13.82%) | 310 (13.92%) | 0.903 |
| Ferric or Ferrous tablet | 2223 (0.57%) | 81 (3.55%) | < .0001 | 92 (1.01%) | 81 (3.55%) | < .0001 | 187 (2.15%) | 72 (3.23%) | 0.0028 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 45928 (11.7%) | 1207 (52.89%) | < 0.001 | 2943 (32.24%) | 1207 (52.89%) | < 0.001 | 4389 (50.51%) | 1156 (51.91%) | 0.238 |
| Exposure | |||||||||
| Leiomyoma | 16955 (4.32%) | 116 (5.08%) | 0.073 | 330 (3.62%) | 116 (5.08%) | 0.001 | 356 (4.10%) | 111 (4.98%) | 0.065 |
| Propensity score | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 | 0.01 ± 0.04 | 0.05 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 | 0.03 ± 0.05 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 |
CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease; PE, pulmonary embolism.