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. 2018 Jan 22;8:1373. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-19086-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sites of simulated blood vessel constrictions in SMA-expressing vessels (purple). (a) The location of single branching-order precapillary arteriole constriction (circled); the black line indicates the site of a single-cell constriction. (b) Constriction of a precapillary arteriole, with bi-directional constriction cascade to the entire adjoining penetrating arteriole. (c) Constriction of a precapillary arteriole and uni-directional propagation to upstream sections of the penetrating arteriole. The dashed line indicates the point at which the penetrating arteriole bifurcates to the precapillary arteriole.