Table 1.
Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of different participant groups.
| Screening group | Validation group | Cord blood group | Lymphocyte donors | Non-pregnant controls | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NGT | GDM | P | NGT | GDM | P | mNGT | mGDM | P | NGT | GDM | P | NGT | |
| N | 8 | 8 | — | 30 | 30 | — | 8 | 8 | — | 20 | 18 | — | 10 |
| Age [years] | 33 ± 5 | 32 ± 3 | 0.7 | 32 ± 4 | 31 ± 4 | 0.4 | 32 ± 4 | 31 ± 4 | 0.3 | 35 ± 8 | |||
| Body mass index [kg/m2] | 28.1 ± 5.4 | 29.1 ± 6.1 | 0.7 | 29.5 ± 5.6 | 29.8.2 ± 4.07 | 0.7 | 27.6 ± 4.0 | 28.0 ± 4.2 | 0.2 | 22.5 ± 3.0 | |||
| Pregnancy week [weeks] | 23.0 ± 9.5 | 25.9 ± 1.7 | 0.4 | 27.6 ± 2.37 | 27.0 ± 2.3 | 0.4 | 26.5 ± 2.0 | 24.8 ± 7.2 | 0.3 | — | |||
| Fasting glucose [mmol/L] | 4.44 ± 0.27 | 4.89 ± 0.62 | 0.09 | 4.58 ± 0.3 | 4.87 ± 0.47 | 0.005 | 4.43 ± 0.21 | 4.79 ± 0.51 | 0.01 | — | |||
| 1-h glucose [mmol/L] | 7.76 ± 1.21 | 10.90 ± 0.82 | 0.00013 | 7.97 ± 1.64 | 10.41 ± 1.52 | 0.0001 | 8.17 ± 1.08 | 10.79 ± 1.01 | 0.0003 | — | |||
| 2-h glucose [mmol/L] | 6.32 ± 1.31 | 7.52 ± 1.44 | 0.1 | 6.36 ± 1.27 | 7.94 ± 1.71 | 0.002 | 6.49 ± 1.06 | 7.83 ± 1.5 | 0.01 | — | |||
| Fasting insulin [pmol/L] | 59.88 ± 28.30 | 126.38 ± 53.70 | 0.01 | 68.71 ± 28.15 | 116.76 ± 44.99 | 0.006 | 68.71 ± 28.15 | 116.76 ± 45.0 | 0.006 | — | |||
| Insulin sensitivity index[1019 L2/mol2] | 13.6 ± 6.8 | 5.0 ± 2.0 | 0.03 | 9.63 ± 4.83 | 5.46 ± 2.25 | 0.00005 | 5.54 ± 2.02 | 7.92 ± 6.43 | 0.1 | — | |||
| Maternal weight gain [kg] | 6.53 ± 3.38 | 11.27 ± 9.64 | 0.2 | 6.91 ± 3.53 | 8.52 ± 6.39 | 0.9 | 7.37 ± 5.64 | 7.39 ± 9.64 | 0.4 | ||||
| Family history of parental diabetes |
Paternal = 0 Maternal = 0 |
Paternal = 1 Maternal = 0 |
0.5 |
Paternal = 0 Maternal = 0 |
Paternal = 4 Maternal = 1 |
0.3 |
Paternal = 0 Maternal = 0 |
Paternal = 2 Maternal = 1 |
0.8 | ||||
| Birth weight [kg] | 3.38 ± 0.59 | 3.36 ± 0.51 | 0.9 | ||||||||||
| Birth size [cm] | 51.2 ± 1.6 | 51.0 ± 2. 6 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
| Fetal sex [female] | 4 | 4 | — | ||||||||||
Table 1 shows anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of the sequencing, validation, cord blood, lymphocyte donor group and non-pregnant control women. All data are given as absolute numbers or means ± SD. Significant differences calculated in a Student’s t-test or Chi-square-test (family history of diabetes) are marked by using bold fonts. Missing values are indicated with a minus. Blank table cells refer to not applicable data.