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. 2018 Jan 22;8:1339. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19760-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reconstruction of irradiance. The δ¹³C based estimates (global radiation) (red line) with Monte Carlo⁶⁸ based estimates of 95% (orange area) and 99% confidence (yellow area) intervals (CI) compared with the instrumentally-measured record of global radiation (dashed lilac line) illustrated over the common period (AD 1971–2011) (a) and since 1831 when the δ¹³C chronology is covered using at least four pines (b). Calibration and verification statistics are detailed in Table S2.