Table 3.

Studies reporting prevalence of metabolic comorbidities in patients with ILDs.

	Comorbidity	Prevalence	Prevalence in general population	Reference
IPF	Diabetes mellitus	10–39%	11.4%	British study (81), Japanese study (82), American study (83)
	Dyslipidemia	11–21.7%	18–46%	Enomoto et al. (82), Kaddah et al. (84), Sherbini et al. (85)
	Hypothyroidism	16.8% (13% men, 28% women)	7.1%	Oldham et al. (86)
Sarcoidosis	Thyroid diseases	13.1%	4%	Nowinski et al. (87)
	Diabetes mellitus	7.4%	7%	Nowinski et al. (87)
	Osteoporosis	5.7%	5%	Nowinski et al. (87)
	Hypercalcemia	10–15%	2%	Saidenberg-Kermanac’h et al. (88), Press et al. (89)

ILDs, interstitial lung diseases; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.