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. 2018 Jan 22;8:1358. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19796-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison between the performance of the inverse-designed device (A to C) and a blazed grating (D to F) optimized to bend electromagnetic radiation by 30° independently of the polarization. The simulated far-field intensities are represented for angles from −80° to 80° and for frequencies from 26 GHz to 38 GHz for perpendicular (B,E) and parallel (C,F) polarizations. As can be seen, the inverse-designed metadevice transmits a much lower power to undesired grating orders (23% for perpendicular polarization and 18% for parallel polarization) than the blazed grating (47% for perpendicular polarization and 51% for parallel polarization). Simulated rejection ratios at 33 GHz are 10.1 dB and 12.4 dB for the inverse-designed bending device, compared to 6.6 dB and 3.8 dB for the triangular grating for perpendicular and parallel polarizations respectively.