. 2017 Nov 12;6(1):146–152. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.539

Table 3.

Functional properties of pigeon pea protein flour and isolate

	Bulk density (loose) (g/cm³)	Bulk density (packed) (g/cm³)	Foaming capacity (%)	Foaming stability (%)	Water absorption capacity (%)	Oil absorption capacity (%)	Emulsifying capacity (%)	Emulsifying stability (%)	Solubility index (%)
PPF	0.40 ± 0.00^a	0.60 ± 0.00^a	18.20 ± 0.00^a	25.30 ± 1.10^a	125.00 ± 0.00^a	131.6 ± 0.60^a	0.40 ± 0.00^a	0.40 ± 0.080^a	12.10 ± 0.02^a
WEPI	0.43 + 0.0^a	0.62 + 0.0^a	33.3 + 0.2^b	54.57 + 0.15^d	155.00 ± 0.00^c	140.00 ± 0.00^b	1.40 ± 0.00^b	91.20 ± 0.10^c	97.03 ± 0.10^c
MEPI	0.43 + 0.0^a	0.62 + 0.0^a	35.37 + 0.15^c	53.83 + 0.15^c	160.00 ± 0.02^d	145.00 ± 0.02^c	1.40 ± 0.02^b	91.47 + 0.12^c	97.13 ± 0.12^c
ASEPI	0.45 ± 0.01^a	0.64 ± 0.01a	35.10 ± 0.36^c	55.73 ± 0.70^d	151.67 ± 2.89^b	145.00 ± 0.00^c	2.17 ± 0.06^c	89.10 ± 0.36^b	90.70 ± 2.20^b
ACEPI	0.45 ± 0.00^a	0.62 ± 0.00^a	33.23 ± 0.56^b	52.33 ± 0.31^b	150.00 ± 0.00^b	140.00 ± 0.00^b	2.23 ± 0.06^c	90.43 ± 0.15^c	92.63 ± 0.01^b

All values are means of triplicates determinations ± standard deviation (SD). Means within the same column with different superscript are significantly different (p < .05).

WEP, water‐extracted pigeon pea protein isolate; MEPI, methanol‐extracted pigeon pea protein isolate; ASEPI, ammonium sulfate‐extracted pigeon pea protein isolate; ACEPI, acetone‐extracted pigeon pea protein isolate; PPF, pigeon pea flour.