Table 2. Anti-thrombotic agents and relevant genetic polymorphisms.

Drug	Gene polymorphism	Protein role	Effect
Warfarin	VKORC1*2, *3, *4	Reduces vitamin K epoxide	Increased warfarin effect
	CYP2C9*2, *3	Metabolizes S-warfarin	Increased warfarin effect
Dabigatran	ABCB1 rs4148738	Transports dabigatran	Increased dabigatran plasma levels
	CES1 rs2244613	Metabolizes dabigatran etexilate	Decreased trough dabigatran levels, reduced risk of bleeding
	CES1 rs8192935-T	Metabolizes dabigatran etexilate	Decreased trough dabigatran levels
Rivaroxaban	ABCG2 Q14K	Transports rivaroxaban	Unknown
Heparin	FcγRIIA-H131R	Mediates antibody-platelet binding	Increased HIT-related thrombosis risk
	GpIIb/IIIa-HP-1	Platelet receptor for fibrinogen	Increased HIT-related thrombosis risk
	PECAM1-L125V	Platelet adhesion protein	Increased HIT-related thrombosis risk
	CD148 276P and 326Q	Downstream in FcγRIIA signaling pathway	Decreased risk of HIT
Aspirin	PTSG2 rs20417-C	Encodes COX-2	Decreased risk of major cardiovascular events
	PEAR1 rs12041331-AA	Mediates platelet-platelet aggregation	Reduced platelet aggregation
	ITGB3 P1A1/A2	Platelet receptor for fibrinogen	Reduced aspirin efficacy in healthy subjects
	CYP4F11-GG	Metabolizes aspirin	Increased small bowel bleeding
	CYP2D6-GG	Metabolizes aspirin	Increased small bowel bleeding
	CYP24A1-T	Metabolizes aspirin	Increased small bowel bleeding
	GSTP1-G	Metabolizes aspirin	Increased small bowel bleeding
Clopidogrel	CYP2C19*2, *3	Metabolizes clopidogrel	Decreased clopidogrel effect
	CYP2C19*17	Metabolizes clopidogrel	Increased clopidogrel effect
Ticagrelor	CYP4F2 rs3093235-TT	Metabolizes ticagrelor	Increased anti-platelet effect, increased risk of bleeding