Table 4. Characteristics of cases with TIPS thrombosis on follow-up.
| Case No. | Age, sex | Time to TIPS thrombosis (months) | Comorbid/hypercoagulable state | Splenic/portal vein thrombosis | PVD <1 cm | Splenorenal shunt | Hepatofugal flow | Possible technical or anatomic factor | Cephalad end of shunt short of IVC | Pre-TIPS PSG (mmHg) | Post-TIPS PSG (mmHg) | New/increased HE | Bare metal stent used for shunt extension |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 55, M | 33.5 | – | +/partial | + | + | – | + | – | 24 | 12 | + | + |
| 2 | 45, F | 49.1 | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | 15 | 3 | + | – |
| 3 | 72, M | 0.2 | +/BCS, PNH | +/partial | – | – | – | + | – | NA | 12 | – | – |
| 4 | 39, F | 48.4 | +/BCS | – | – | – | – | – | – | 43 | 18 | – | – |
| 5 | 80, M | 0 | – | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | – | 20 | 6 | – | – |
| 6 | 58, F | 0.1 | +/ESRD | – | – | – | – | + | + | 26 | 10 | + | – |
| 7 | 44, F | 45.7 | +/vWD | – | – | – | + | – | – | 12 | 7 | + | – |
| 8 | 57, F | 35.1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 14 | 5 | – | – |
| 9 | 42, M | 75.1 | – | – | – | + | NA | – | – | 41 | 12 | NA | – |
| 10 | 55, M | 3.6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 16 | 8 | + | – |
| 11 | 65, M | 13.7 | – | +/partial | – | – | – | + | – | 24 | 10 | – | – |
| 12 | 61, M | 0.2 | – | +/partial | – | + | – | + | – | 13 | 6 | – | + |
| 13 | 49, M | 0.3 | +/ITP | – | – | – | – | + | – | 11 | 3 | – | + |
| 14 | 43, M | 15.3 | – | +/partial | – | + | – | + | – | 17 | 9 | – | – |
| 15 | 64, M | 32.2 | +/factor V Leiden | +/total | – | – | – | + | – | 17 | 8 | + | + |
| 16 | 60, M | 5.7 | +/HCC, CAD | – | – | – | – | + | + | 18 | 10 | NA | – |
| 17 | 67, F | 11.6 | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | 12 | 8 | + | – |
PVD, portal vein diameter; IVC, inferior vena cava; TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; PSG, portosystemic gradient; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; PV, portal vein; MHV, middle hepatic vein; IMV, inferior mesenteric vein; DIPS, direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt; M, male; F, female; NA, not available; BCS, Budd-Chiari syndrome; PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hematuria; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; vWD, von Willebrand disease; ITP, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; CAD, coronary artery disease.