Table 4.
Risk of abuse and associated factors. Logistic regression models: univariate, multivariate with all the variables and multivariate with significant variables
| Crude Univariate LRa | Multivariate LR Enter Method | Multivariate LR Final Modeld | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | ORb (IC95%)c | OR (IC95%) | OR (IC95%) | |
| Gender, caregiver | Male | 1 | 1 | |
| Female | 1.31 (0.88-1.94) | 0.97 (0.56-1.68) | ||
| Age, caregiver | 20-44 y. | 1 | 1 | |
| 45-64 y. | 0.73 (0.39-1.37) | 0.54 (0.23-1.26) | ||
| 65-74 y. | 0.84 (0.43-1.65) | 0.78 (0.32-1.90) | ||
| 75+ y | 0.54 (0.27-1.08) | 0.51 (0.20-1.27) | ||
| Gender, care-recipient | Male | 1 | 1 | |
| Female | 1.08 (0.80- 1.47) | 1.1 (0.70-1.71) | ||
| Age, care-recipient | < 80 y. | 1 | 1 | |
| 80-89 y. | 0.90 (0.64-1.28) | 0.78 (0.48-1.29) | ||
| 90+ y | 0.81 (0.55-1.20) | 0.57 (0.32-0.99) | ||
| Previous relationship | Good/Very good | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Fair | 2.14 (1.36-3.38) | 1.50 (0.85-2.65) | 1.54 (0.90-2.62) | |
| Poor/Very poor | 12.72 (3.69-43.87) | 4.13 (1.04-16.36) | 4.66 (1.25-17.42) | |
| Positive aspects of caregiving scale | 1st quartile (min) | 1 | 1 | |
| 2nd quartile | 0.62 (0.42-0.92) | 0.61 (0.37-1.02) | ||
| 3rd quartile | 0.43 (0.28-0.67) | 0.56 (0.32-0.98) | ||
| 4th quartile (max) | 0.30 (0.19-0.45) | 0.58 (0.34-0.99) | ||
| Has someone to count on | No | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 0.66 (0.47-0.92) | 0.72 (0.47-1.12) | ||
| Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire | Intact cognition | 1 | 1 | |
| Mild Impairment | 1.36 (0.85-2.18) | 1.25 (0.67-2.31) | ||
| Moderate Impairment | 1.07 (0.69-1.66) | 1.08 (0.61-1.91) | ||
| Severe Impairment | 0.77 (0.51-1.15) | 1.20 (0.69-2.07) | ||
| Barthel Index | Moderate dependence | 1 | 1 | |
| Severe dependence | 0.63 (0.44-0.91) | 0.63 (0.39-1.00) | ||
| Total dependence | 0.47 (0.33-0.66) | 0.58 (0.36-0.92) | ||
| Goldberg depression | No | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 2.55 (1.85-3.53) | 0.97 (0.62-1.53) | ||
| Goldberg Anxiety | No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 3.49 (2.54-4.81) | 1.91 (1.22-2.98) | 2.06 (1.40-3.02) | |
| Zarit Burden Scale | No burden | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Burden | 4.82 (3.25-7.15) | 2.80 (1.68-4.68) | 2.75 (1.74-4.34) | |
| Caregivers’ perception of aggressive behavior in the care recipient | No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 9.02 (6.35-12.80) | 7.05 (4.70-10.58) | 7.24 (4.99-10.52) | |
aLR Logistic regression, bOR Odds Ratio, cIC95% 95% confidence interval. dForward conditional approach Hosmer & Lemeshow test sig:0.74; N = 788
Positive aspects of caregiving scale of 9 items (range 5 to 45). Higher scores indicate greater perceived PAC
Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire of 10 items (range 0 from 10). Higher scores indicate worse mental status
Barthel Index. Values range from 0 (completely dependent) to 100 (completely Independent)
Goldberg depression of 9 items (range from 0 to 9). Values ≥2 have 50% chance of having clinically important disturbance. Goldberg Anxiety of 9 items (range from 0 to 9). Values ≥5 have 50% chance of having clinically important disturbance
Zarit Burden Scale of 9 items. Values range from 5 to 45. Higher scores indicate more burden