Table 2.
Characteristics of Programs Providing Primary or Secondary Prevention Related to School Readiness in Health Care
| Program | Setting(s) | Age | Frequency* (Approximate Contact Duration)† | Core Components |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Programs providing primary prevention related to school readiness in health care | ||||
| Reach Out and Read | Primary care | Birth to 5 years | 1 to 6 visits per year (approximately 1–2 minutes per visit provider time) | • Provision of children’s books at each well-child visit • Waiting room program modeling reading aloud • Anticipatory guidance by health care provider • Includes an adaptation focused on Hispanic/Latino families called Leyendo Juntos |
| Bookstart | Primary care, home visitors | Birth to 12 months | Once through health care | • Delivery of literacy packs (child’s book, information about library resources, and information about the value of shared reading) to inner city families |
| Let’s Read | Primary care | 4 Months to 3.5 years | Once per year (2–10 minutes per visit) | • Counseling/modeling regarding shared book-reading techniques • Provision of age-appropriate book and other literacy promotion materials (eg, suggestions for interactive book-reading activities and lists of age-appropriate books) |
| Little by Little | WIC | Prenatal to 5 years | 4 Visits per year | • Brief counseling by WIC staff regarding child development tailored to child’s age • Informational handout about child development and positive parenting practices • Provision of books or developmentally appropriate toys for families to take home |
| Video Interaction Project | Primary care | Birth to 5 years | 4 to 6 Visits per year (25–30 minutes per visit) | • Videotaping with feedback to reinforce strengths in interaction • Relationship with facilitator/coach • Provision of books and toys • Parent-completed written materials for observation and planning |
| City’s First Readers (New York City Council Initiative) | Primary care linked to community, library, home, preschool | Birth to 5 years | 4 to 6 Visits per year (duration varies according to program) | • Alignment of messages about reading aloud across multiple platforms, including health care (including Reach Out and Read and the Video Interaction Project), community, library, home and preschool • Linkages across platforms |
| Bright Beginnings/Bright by Three | Primary care linked to community resources | 2 to 3 Years | Once per year | • Provision of picture book along with written materials describing activities that promote language and social development • Modeling of reading aloud |
| Programs providing secondary prevention related to school readiness in health care | ||||
| Incredible Years | Primary care adaptation | 2 to 5 Years | 10 Visits (2 hours per visit) | • Training for parents of young children with identified behavioral problems • Training uses group discussion, videotaped modeling, role play, and home tasks focused around proactive and nurturing parenting |
| Triple P Level 2 and 3 | Primary care used for levels 2 and 3 | Birth to 16 years | 3 to 4 Visits (2.5 hours per visit) | • Overall program leverages multiple platforms simultaneously (including media, home, health care) to promote positive parenting strategies and child development • Primary care component provides one-on-one consultations to parents of children with identified behavioral concerns |
| Video Interaction Guidance | Primary care, neonatal intensive care unit | Children of any age | 3 to 5 Visits | • Videotaping with feedback in context of parent child interactions • Used primarily for families with identified challenges |
| Help Me Grow | Primary care linked to community | Birth to 8 years | 1 to 6 Contacts per year (up to 30–60 minutes per visit) | • Early detection of children at risk for developmental and behavioral problems • Provides a centralized call center as a single point of entry for community-based programs and services • Links children and their families with appropriate resources |
| Assuring Better Child Health and Development | Primary care linked to community | Birth to 3 years | 5 Visits | • Early detection of children at risk for developmental and behavioral problems • Links children and their families with appropriate resources • Provides framework for coordinating screening, referral and follow-up |
| Programs linking primary and secondary prevention related to school readiness in health care | ||||
| Healthy Steps | Primary care and home visiting, linkages to resources in health care and community | Birth to 3 years | 2 to 6 Visits per year (approximately 15–30 minutes in addition to well visit) | • Development specialist integrated within practice team • Guidance regarding promotion of parenting and child development during health care visits, phone calls, and home visits • Integrated Reach Out and Read • Integrated screening with referral for services as needed (in some cases provided by developmental specialist) |
| Project Linking Actions for Unmet Needs in Children’s Health | Model linking primary care to early child education, home, and community | Birth to 8 years | Varies according to grantee and program | • Screening and assessment in a variety of child-serving settings • Enhanced home visiting focusing on socioemotional well-being • Mental health consultation in early child care and education • Family strengthening and parent skills training • Integration of behavioral health into primary care settings |
| Building Blocks | Primary care link to home through mailing | Birth to 3 years | 4 to 6 Contacts per year (approximately 30 minutes with mailed materials) | • Mailed parenting pamphlets and learning materials • Identification of early developmental delays though mailed parent-completed developmental screens |
WIC indicates Women, Infants and Children.
*
Frequency for health care component only; additional contacts take place for many programs outside of health care.
†
Duration listed for programs where applicable and where length of health care component has been documented.