Table 3.

Association Between HDP Status and Offspring Vascular Outcomes

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	Regression Coefficient O‐HDP	P Value	Regression Coefficient O‐HDP	P Value	Regression Coefficient O‐HDP	P Value
Outcome retinal microvasculature measures
Arteriolar diameter (pixels)	−0.43 (−0.76 to −0.11)	0.009	−0.39 (−0.72 to −0.07)	0.017	−0.36 (−0.69 to 0.04)	0.030
Venular diameter (pixels)	−0.11 (−0.61 to 0.39)	0.674	−0.11 (−0.61 to 0.40)	0.675	−0.11 (−0.62 to 0.39)	0.657
Arteriolar tortuosity (102)	−0.01 (−0.03 to −0.00)	0.073	−0.01 (0.03 to 0.00)	0.062	0.02 (0.03 to −0.00)	0.039
Venular tortuosity (103)	−0.05 (−0.13 to 0.04)	0.279	−0.05 (−0.14 to 0.03)	0.222	−0.05 (−0.14 to −0.03)	0.199
Arteriolar length (pixels)	32.5 (4.60 to 60.45)	0.023	34.5 (6.51 to 62.53)	0.016	32.5 (4.29 to 60.74)	0.024
Venular length (pixels)	6.23 (−6.47 to 18.93)	0.336	5.64 (−7.09 to 18.38)	0.385	5.32 (−7.52 to 18.16)	0.416
Arteriolar length/diameter ratio	2.32 (0.66 to 3.98)	0.006	2.40 (0.74 to 4.05)	0.005	2.23 (0.56 to 3.90)	0.009
Venular length/diameter ratio	0.35 (−0.41 to 1.11)	0.368	0.32 (−0.44 to 1.08)	0.410	0.31 (−0.45 to 1.08)	0.422
Optimality ratio	−2.05 (−4.99 to 0.90)	0.173	−1.92 (−4.89 to 1.04)	0.204	−2.34 (−0.32 to 0.65)	0.125
Arteriolar‐to‐venular ratio	−0.03 (−0.05 to 0.001)	0.027	−0.03 (−0.05 to 0.01)	0.027	−0.02 (−0.05 to −0.01)	0.047
Outcome vascular measures
FMD, mma	−0.07 (−1.03 to 0.89)	0.885	−0.35 (−1.30 to 0.60)	0.465	−0.34 (−1.30 to 0.61)	0.480
IMT, mma	0.005 (−0.012 to 0.024)	0.528	0.004 (−0.014 to 0.023)	0.650	0.003 (−0.016 to 0.021)	0.789

Model 1 adjusted for age and sex, Model 2 adjusted for age, sex, birth weight, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and socioeconomic status (SES). Model 3 adjusted for age, sex, birth weight, BMI, smoking, SES, and hypertension. FMD indicates flow‐mediated dilatation; HDP, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; IMT, intermedia thickness; O‐HDP, offspring of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.

^aMeasured in 2007.