Table 2.

Associations Between Patient Characteristics and Prescription of MRA Therapy at Hospital Discharge

Characteristic	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusteda OR (95% CI)	P Value
Age, y	0.97 (0.97–0.98)	<0.001	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	<0.001
Women	0.78 (0.71–0.86)	<0.001	0.89 (0.81–0.99)	0.03
Race
Black	1.06 (0.92–1.23)	0.42	1.14 (0.98–1.33)	0.09
White	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
Other/unknown	1.12 (0.98–1.28)	0.08	0.97 (0.82–1.14)	0.71
Disease state
Diabetes mellitus	1.40 (1.23–1.60)	<0.001	1.11 (0.93–1.33)	0.25
Renal insufficiency	0.68 (0.62–0.76)	<0.001	1.03 (0.89–1.20)	0.68
Medical history
Anemia	0.77 (0.69–0.87)	<0.001	0.96 (0.85–1.08)	0.50
Atrial fibrillation	1.07 (0.97–1.17)	0.19	1.01 (0.92–1.12)	0.80
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	0.94 (0.85–1.04)	0.22	0.91 (0.82–1.01)	0.08
Depression	1.00 (0.86–1.17)	0.96	1.00 (0.85–1.17)	0.99
Heart failure with ischemic etiology
No	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]
Yes	1.28 (1.16–1.41)	<0.001	1.08 (0.97–1.19)	0.16
Missing	1.09 (0.89–1.33)	0.42	0.97 (0.79–1.20)	0.78
Hyperlipidemia	1.09 (0.99–1.19)	0.08	1.03 (0.93–1.14)	0.61
Hypertension	0.86 (0.76–0.96)	0.01	0.94 (0.83–1.06)	0.32
Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator	1.97 (1.72–2.25)	<0.001	1.37 (1.18–1.58)	<0.001
Pacemaker	1.11 (0.99–1.25)	0.08	0.96 (0.85–1.09)	0.50
Peripheral vascular disease	0.80 (0.71–0.92)	0.001	0.80 (0.70–0.92)	0.002
Vital signs at admission
Smoker in the past y	1.19 (1.02–1.38)	0.02	1.00 (0.86–1.18)	0.96
Heart rate	1.01 (1.00–1.01)	<0.001	1.00 (1.00–1.01)	0.007
Respiratory rate ≥30 breaths/min	0.73 (0.59–0.91)	0.005	0.74 (0.59–0.93)	0.01
Tests at admission/discharge
Systolic blood pressure	0.99 (0.99–0.99)	<0.001	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	<0.001
Reduced ejection fractionb	2.61 (2.38–2.87)	<0.001	2.34 (2.11–2.59)	<0.001
Serum creatinine	0.66 (0.62–0.70)	<0.001	0.66 (0.61–0.71)	<0.001
Serum potassium	0.86 (0.78–0.95)	0.002	1.00 (0.90–1.11)	0.98
Serum urea nitrogen	0.99 (0.99–0.99)	<0.001	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.87
Discharge year
2005	0.90 (0.69–1.18)	0.46	0.78 (0.58–1.05)	0.10
2006	0.77 (0.65–0.92)	0.004	0.68 (0.55–0.84)	<0.001
2007	0.66 (0.54–0.79)	<0.001	0.58 (0.47–0.73)	<0.001
2008	0.60 (0.49–0.73)	<0.001	0.52 (0.41–0.66)	<0.001
2009	0.67 (0.55–0.81)	<0.001	0.63 (0.50–0.78)	<0.001
2010	0.67 (0.56–0.81)	<0.001	0.63 (0.50–0.78)	<0.001
2011	0.88 (0.74–1.05)	0.15	0.86 (0.69–1.05)	0.14
2012	1.10 (0.92–1.32)	0.28	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	0.63
2013	1.00 [Reference]		1.00 [Reference]

CI indicates confidence interval; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; OR, odds ratio.

^aAdjustment variables detailed in the Methods section.

^bReduced ejection fraction is defined as documentation of a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% or less, or a qualitative assessment of moderate or severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.