Table 3.
HRs of Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality Grouped by Quartiles of Variability of Fasting Plasma Glucose Levels
| Variable | HR (95% CI) for Quartiles of Variability of Fasting Plasma Glucose | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P Value for Trend | |
| Cardiovascular disease | |||||
| Case, n(%) | 255 (1.90) | 284 (2.12) | 319 (2.38) | 474 (3.54) | <0.01 |
| Incidence, per 1000 person‐y | 3.86 | 4.29 | 4.82 | 7.18 | |
| Cox regression models | |||||
| Model 1 | Reference | 1.06 (0.83–1.22) | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 1.33 (1.14–1.56) | <0.01 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 1.06 (0.90–1.26) | 1.09 (0.92–1.28) | 1.29 (1.10–1.51) | <0.01 |
| Model 3 | Reference | 1.06 (0.89–1.25) | 1.07 (0.91–1.27) | 1.26 (1.07–1.47) | <0.01 |
| All‐cause mortality | |||||
| Case, n(%) | 261 (1.95) | 336 (2.51) | 382 (2.85) | 566 (4.22) | <0.01 |
| Incidence, per 1000 person‐y | 3.95 | 5.08 | 5.78 | 8.59 | |
| Cox regression models | |||||
| Model 1 | Reference | 1.19 (1.01–1.39) | 1.19 (1.02–1.39) | 1.48 (1.27–1.72) | <0.01 |
| Model 2 | Reference | 1.19 (1.01–1.40) | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 1.49 (1.28–1.74) | <0.01 |
| Model 3 | Reference | 1.18 (1.00–1.39) | 1.20 (1.02–1.40) | 1.46 (1.25–1.70) | <0.01 |
Model 1, adjusted for age and sex at baseline and mean fasting plasma glucose of 3 time measurements. Model 2, adjusted for variables in model 1 plus level of education, income, smoking, alcohol abuse, physical activity, and body mass index at baseline. Model 3, adjusted for variables in model 2 plus a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, glucose‐lowering treatment, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline. CI indicates confidence interval; and HR, hazard ratio.