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. 2017 Dec 21;6(12):e007320. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.007320

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© 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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CIA‐induced systemic and atrial inflammation. A and B, Serum levels of IL‐6 (interleukin 6) and TNF‐α (tumor necrosis factor α) 8 weeks after primary collagen II and Freund's incomplete adjuvant injection (n=10 per group). C and D, Representative Western blots and quantification of IL‐6 and TNF‐α protein expression in atrial tissues (n=6 per group). E and F, Examples of hematoxylin and eosin staining (n=6 per group). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001, vs the CON group; ^### P<0.001, vs baseline. Scale bar=50 μm. Arrow indicates the accumulation of inflammatory cells. CIA indicates collagen‐induced arthritis; CON, control.