Table 3.
Biophysical data
| Group | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline impedance (Ω) | 78 ± 3 | 78 ± 2 | 83 ± 4 | 80 ± 3 | 84 ± 7 | 81 ± 1 | 88 ± 8 | 78 ± 2 | 69 ± 3 | 82 ± 1 |
| Mean voltage (V) | 27 ± 1 | 34 ± 2 | 65 ± 8 | 58 ± 1 | 60 ± 5 | 58 ± 1 | 58 ± 1 | 59 ± 1 | 56 ± 3 | 63 ± 1 |
| Mean current (A) | 0.4 ± 0.007 | 0.5 ± 0.007 | 1.0 ± 0.03 | 0.9 ± 0.003 | 0.9 ± 0.02 | 0.9 ± 0.003 | 0.9 ± 0.003 | 0.9 ± 0.003 | 1.0 ± 0.03 | 0.9 ± 0.02 |
| RF duration (s) | 60 ± 0 | 60 ± 0 | 7 ± 5 | 15 ± 2 | 49 ± 12 | 60 ± 0 | 60 ± 0 | 60 ± 0 | 50 ± 10 | 16 ± 3 |
| Total delivered energy (J) | 600 ± 58 | 941 ± 77 | 345 ± 105 | 746 ± 123 | 2473 ± 585 | 3000 ± 0 | 3000 ± 0 | 3000 ± 0 | 2485 ± 503 | 810 ± 160 |
| Audible pop (n) | 0 | 0 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Significant (>10 Ω) impedance rise (n) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 |
| Echocardiographic explosion (n) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Electrode coagulum (n) | 0 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 5 |
| Endocardial coagulum (n) | 0 | 0 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Endocardial disruption (n) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Lesion depth (mm) | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 0.2 | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 7.6 ± 0.8 | 7.3 ± 0.5 | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 6.8 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.4 |
| Lesion width (mm) | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 6.0 ± 0.0 | 6.8 ± 0.8 | 9.0 ± 0.0 | 10 ± 0.0 | 10 ± 0.0 | 11 ± 0.0 | 11 ± 0.0 | 10 ± 1 | 8.5 ± 0.5 |
| Depth at max width (mm) | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.1 ± 0.2 | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| Surface diameter (mm) | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 0.2 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | 6.1 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 1.7 | 6.8 ± 1.3 | 4.5 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 6.5 ± 0.9 | 5.6 ± 0.7 |
| Lesion volume (mm3) | 75 ± 12 | 65 ± 0.5 | 54 ± 14 | 141 ± 11 | 251 ± 10 | 263 ± 36 | 298 ± 28 | 355 ± 49 | 273 ± 115 | 122 ± 31 |
Shaded columns refer to groups with blood flow velocity = 0.26 m/s.