Table 2.
Model | Predictor | Data Structure | Type of test | Lower | Upper |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
a | chan[cz] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
a | chan[pz] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.966 | 0.985 |
a | index | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.854 | 0.896 |
a | freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
a | index:freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
b | chan[cz] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
b | chan[pz] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.966 | 0.985 |
b | index | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.231 | 0.286 |
b | rel.freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
b | index:rel.freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.007 |
c | chan[cz] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.002 | 0.012 |
c | chan[pz] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.663 | 0.721 |
c | animacy[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.009 | 0.026 |
c | morphology[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.991 | 0.999 |
c | morphology[+] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
c | position[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
c | animacy[−]:morphology[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.010 | 0.027 |
c | animacy[−]:morphology[+] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.086 | 0.125 |
c | animacy[−]:position[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
c | morphology[−]:position[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.147 | 0.195 |
c | morphology[+]:position[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.004 |
c | animacy[−]:morphology[−]:position[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.006 | 0.020 |
c | animacy[−]:morphology[+]:position[−] | Asymptotically normal | Wald z test | 0.000 | 0.006 |
d | chan | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ2 | 0.610 | 0.671 |
d | animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.179 | 0.230 |
d | morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.996 | 1.000 |
d | position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.964 | 0.985 |
d | animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.173 | 0.223 |
d | animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.182 | 0.233 |
d | morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.917 | 0.949 |
d | animacy:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.178 | 0.229 |
e | chan | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.611 | 0.672 |
e | index | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.594 | 0.655 |
e | freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.991 | 0.999 |
e | animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.037 | 0.065 |
e | morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.994 | 1.000 |
e | position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.922 | 0.953 |
e | index:freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.888 | 0.925 |
e | index:animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.178 | 0.228 |
e | freq.class:animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.064 | 0.099 |
e | index:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.461 | 0.523 |
e | freq.class:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.980 | 0.994 |
e | animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.169 | 0.219 |
e | index:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.264 | 0.321 |
e | freq.class:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.025 | 0.049 |
e | animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.071 | 0.107 |
e | morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.718 | 0.773 |
e | index:freq.class:animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.037 | 0.065 |
e | index:freq.class:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.358 | 0.419 |
e | index:animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.884 | 0.922 |
e | freq.class:animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.753 | 0.805 |
e | index:freq.class:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.386 | 0.448 |
e | index:animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.763 | 0.815 |
e | freq.class:animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.345 | 0.406 |
e | index:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.269 | 0.326 |
e | freq.class:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.146 | 0.194 |
e | animacy:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.129 | 0.175 |
e | index:freq.class:animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.259 | 0.316 |
e | index:freq.class:animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.435 | 0.497 |
e | index:freq.class:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.414 | 0.476 |
e | index:animacy:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.208 | 0.262 |
e | freq.class:animacy:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.932 | 0.961 |
e | index:freq.class:animacy:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.488 | 0.550 |
f | chan | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.611 | 0.672 |
f | rel.freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.846 | 0.889 |
f | freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.891 | 0.927 |
f | animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.192 | 0.244 |
f | morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.996 | 1.000 |
f | position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.677 | 0.734 |
f | rel.freq.class:freq.class | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.837 | 0.881 |
f | rel.freq.class:animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.994 | 1.000 |
f | freq.class:animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.334 | 0.395 |
f | rel.freq.class:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.084 | 0.122 |
f | freq.class:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.983 | 0.996 |
f | animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.666 | 0.724 |
f | rel.freq.class:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.905 | 0.939 |
f | freq.class:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.225 | 0.280 |
f | animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.406 | 0.468 |
f | morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.978 | 0.993 |
f | rel.freq.class:freq.class:animacy | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.067 | 0.102 |
f | rel.freq.class:freq.class:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.276 | 0.334 |
f | rel.freq.class:animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.242 | 0.298 |
f | freq.class:animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.895 | 0.931 |
f | rel.freq.class:freq.class:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.361 | 0.422 |
f | rel.freq.class:animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.085 | 0.124 |
f | freq.class:animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.696 | 0.752 |
f | rel.freq.class:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.061 | 0.095 |
f | freq.class:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.405 | 0.467 |
f | animacy:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.195 | 0.247 |
f | rel.freq.class:freq.class:animacy:morphology | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.281 | 0.340 |
f | rel.freq.class:freq.class:animacy:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.054 | 0.087 |
f | rel.freq.class:freq.class:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.066 | 0.101 |
f | rel.freq.class:animacy:morphology:position | Asymptotically normal | Type-II Wald χ 2 | 0.336 | 0.397 |
“Lower” and “upper” are the bounds of the 95% confidence interval on the power estimates. No power estimates are provided for model comparisons, because it is not entirely clear which model to use as the simulation basis, especially for non-nested models. We note moreover that observed power calculations are problematic (Hoenig and Heisey, 2001) and indeed closely follows the observed significance (as implemented here: |t| > 2 or p < 0.05).