TABLE 2.
Risk mitigation activities for 25 countries with wild poliovirus (WPV) cases during 2009–2014 and eight selected neighboring countries, by risk for transmission after an importation of WPV — Africa, 2012–2014
| Supplementary immunization activities: National and subnational immunization days (NID/SNID) | Surveillance strengthening activities: national program assessments (PA),* surveillance reviews (SR), or surveillance training activities (ST) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Risk level/Country | Jan 2012–Dec 2012 (NID/SNID) | Jan 2013–Dec 2013 (NID/SNID) | Jan 2014–Jun 2014 (NID/SNID) | Jul 2014–Dec 2014 (NID/SNID) (Planned) | Jan 2013–Jun 2014 | Jul 2014–Dec 2014 (Planned) |
| High risk † | ||||||
| Benin | 3/0 | 4/0 | 2/0 | 1/0 | SR | |
| Cameroon | 0/4 | 2/4 | 6/0 | 3/2 | PA, ST | PA, ST |
| CAR | 5/2 | 0/4 | 1/1 | 2/2 | PA | |
| Chad | 3/10 | 4/8 | 2/1 | 1/3 | SR, ST | PA |
| Congo | 0/0 | 2/0 | 1/0 | 3/0 | ||
| Djibouti | 1/0 | 3/0 | 0/1 | 2/0 | ||
| Equatorial Guinea | 0/0 | 0/0 | 3/1 | 4/0 | ST | |
| Ethiopia | 0/3 | 2/8 | 0/4 | 2/2 | PA, ST | PA, ST |
| Gabon | 0/0 | 0/0 | 1/0 | 3/0 | ST | |
| Guinea | 4/1 | 3/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | SR | |
| Kenya | 0/6 | 1/8 | 3/3 | 0/2 | PA, SR, ST | PA, SR, ST |
| Niger | 4/4 | 5/3 | 2/1 | 2/1 | SR, PA | ST |
| Somalia | 0/4 | 7/17 | 3/9 | 3/4 | PA, ST | PA, ST |
| South Sudan | 4/1 | 4/2 | 2/0 | 2/0 | ST | |
| Uganda | 0/2 | 0/2 | 0/1 | 1/1 | PA, SR | |
| Total at high risk | 24/37 | 37/56 | 26/22 | 31/15 | ||
| Moderate-to-high risk | ||||||
| Angola | 3/1 | 3/0 | 0/0 | 1/1 | ||
| Cote d’Ivoire | 4/0 | 3/0 | 1/0 | 2/0 | SR | |
| DRC | 2/8 | 2/3 | 0/3 | 1/2 | SR, ST | SR |
| Liberia | 3/1 | 3/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | PA | |
| Mali | 1/6 | 4/2 | 2/0 | 1/1 | SR | |
| Total at moderate-to-high risk | 13/16 | 15/5 | 3/3 | 7/4 | ||
| Moderate risk | ||||||
| Burkina Faso | 4/1 | 4/1 | 2/0 | 2/0 | SR | |
| Eritrea | 0/0 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ST | |
| Guinea-Bissau | 1/0 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | SR | |
| Mauritania | 3/0 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | SR | |
| Senegal | 1/0 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | SR | |
| Sudan | 3/1 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/0 | ||
| Togo | 1/0 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | ||
| Total at moderate risk | 13/2 | 16/3 | 3/1 | 11/0 | ||
| Low risk | ||||||
| Burundi | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ||
| Gambia | 1/0 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | ||
| Ghana | 1/0 | 2/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | SR | |
| Rwanda | 0/2 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ||
| Sierra Leone | 2/1 | 4/0 | 0/0 | 2/0 | ||
| Tanzania | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | ||
| Total at low risk | 4/3 | 8/0 | 0/0 | 6/0 | ||
Abbreviations: CAR = Central African Republic; DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Program assessments include assessments conducted after the occurrence of a case of WPV infection or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus infection and planned comprehensive immunization program reviews.
Countries were considered to be at high risk for outbreaks in 2014 if two immunity indicators fell into a high-risk tier. Countries were considered to be at moderate-to-high risk for outbreaks if one of three immunity indicators fell into a high-risk tier. Countries were considered to be at moderate risk for outbreaks if any of the population immunity risk criteria suggested moderate vulnerability. A risk category for a country was increased one level if it shared a border with any country with recent transmission in the last 12 months.