Table 1. Characteristics of perinatal HIV-1 transmission groups.
| HIV non-Transmitter % | HIV Transmitter % | Pa value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number (N) | 260 | 53 | |
| Mothers age (mean years± SD) | 22.7±4.5 | 22.0±4.0 | 0.34 |
| Primi or secundigravidae pregnancies | 59.6 | 75.5 | 0.031 |
| Vaginal delivery | 100 | 100 | — |
| Duration of laborb (hours) | |||
| <10 | 39.6 | 30.8 | 0.27 |
| Median time (IQR) | 11.8 (7.8–18.0) | 12.7 (8.8–19.2) | 0.44 |
| Episiotomy or perineal tear present | 34.6 | 49.1 | 0.061 |
| Preterm deliveryc [48] | 6.5 | 13.2 | 0.15 |
| Baby birth weight <2500 gd | 3.5 | 7.6 | 0.25 |
| Maternal anemia at deliverye (<11 g/dl) | 81.3 | 90.9 | 0.13 |
| Placental malaria (parasites/μl) | |||
| 0 | 76.2 | 79.3 | 0.093 |
| 1–9999 | 20.0 | 11.3 | |
| ≥10,000 | 3.9 | 9.4 | |
| Presence (any) | 23.9 | 20.8 | 0.72 |
| Maternal CD4 cell countf (μl) | |||
| <200 | 1.7 | 12.5 | <0.001 |
| 200–499 | 33.3 | 41.7 | |
| ≥500 | 65.0 | 45.8 | |
| Median (IQR) | 584.5 (430.0–807.5) | 463 (273.5–634.0) | 0.002 |
| Maternal viral loadg (copies/ml) | |||
| <1000 | 54.2 | 25.5 | <0.001 |
| 1000–9999 | 31.9 | 29.8 | |
| ≥10,000 | 14.0 | 44.7 | |
| Median (IQR) | 764.0 (200.0–4021.0) | 7489.0 (707.0–34420.0) | <0.001 |
IQR, interquartile range. Note:
a P-values are based on exact Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables and exact Wilcoxon test for others.
b n = 312,
c newborns were classified as preterm if delivery occurred before 37 weeks of gestation using a modified Dubowitz Method,
d weight measured to the nearest gram on an electric balance within 24 h of birth,
e n = 263,
f n = 288,
g n = 276.