Table 2. Relationship of individual KIR genes with perinatal transmission of HIV-1.
| HIV Non- Transmitter % N = 260 | HIV Transmitter % N = 53 |
Unadjusted Odds ratio (95% CIa) |
P value | Adjusted Odds ratiob (95% CIa) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual KIR Genes |
||||||
| Infant | ||||||
| KIR2DL1 | 98.1 | 96.2 | 0.44 (0.10–2.52) | 0.32 | 0.47 (0.10–2.80) | 0.37 |
| KIR2DL2 | 48.9 | 47.2 | 0.94 (0.52–1.69) | 0.83 | 0.66 (0.32–1.32) | 0.24 |
| KIR2DL3 | 85.8 | 86.8 | 1.04 (0.47–2.60) | 0.93 | 0.91 (0.38–2.46) | 0.85 |
| KIR2DL4 | 99.6 | 100.0 | 0.62 (0.03–90.76) | 0.78 | 0.07 (>0.002) | 1.00 |
| KIR2DL5 | 56.2 | 47.2 | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | 0.23 | 0.53 (0.26–1.06) | 0.074 |
| KIR2DP1 | 98.1 | 100.0 | 2.30 (0.26–304.06) | 0.53 | 2.22 (0.17–316.69) | 0.59 |
| KIR2DS1 | 18.9 | 17.0 | 0.91 (0.40–1.89) | 0.81 | 0.71 (0.27–1.68) | 0.45 |
| KIR2DS2 | 41.5 | 43.4 | 1.08 (0.60–1.95) | 0.79 | 0.62 (0.29–1.29) | 0.21 |
| KIR2DS3 | 17.7 | 13.2 | 0.74 (0.30–1.63) | 0.48 | 0.78 (0.28–1.90) | 0.59 |
| KIR2DS4 | 95.8 | 96.2 | 0.95 (0.27–5.00) | 0.94 | 1.43 (0.35–8.47) | 0.65 |
| KIR2DS5 | 41.5 | 35.9 | 0.79 (0.43–1.45) | 0.46 | 0.54 (0.25–1.12) | 0.10 |
| KIR3DL1 | 98.5 | 100.0 | 1.88 (0.20–250.15) | 0.65 | 1.89 (0.14–274.73) | 0.68 |
| KIR3DP1 | 99.6 | 100.0 | 0.62 (0.03–90.76) | 0.78 | 0.07 (>0.002) | 1.00 |
| KIR3DS1 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 1.12 (0.42–2.62) | 0.81 | 1.21 (0.41–3.15) | 0.72 |
| Mother | ||||||
| KIR2DL1 | 96.5 | 100.0 | 4.04 (0.50–523.98) | 0.24 | 2.20 (0.23–297.03) | 0.57 |
| KIR2DL2 | 54.2 | 35.9 | 0.48 (0.26–0.87) | 0.015* | 0.50 (0.24–1.02) | 0.056* |
| KIR2DL3 | 85.0 | 88.7 | 1.30 (0.57–3.45) | 0.55 | 1.54 (0.58–4.87) | 0.41 |
| KIR2DL4 | 99.2 | 100.0 | 1.04 (0.08–143.52) | 0.98 | 0.54 (0.04–76.40) | 0.72 |
| KIR2DL5 | 58.9 | 39.6 | 0.46 (0.25–0.84) | 0.011* | 0.47 (0.23–0.95) | 0.035* |
| KIR2DP1 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 1.46 (0.14–196.64) | 0.80 | 0.54 (0.04–76.40) | 0.72 |
| KIR2DS1 | 22.7 | 9.4 | 0.38 (0.14–0.90) | 0.026* | 0.46 (0.15–1.16) | 0.10 |
| KIR2DS2 | 47.7 | 34.0 | 0.57 (0.31–1.04) | 0.07 | 0.62 (0.29–1.25) | 0.18 |
| KIR2DS3 | 18.1 | 15.1 | 0.84 (0.36–1.79) | 0.66 | 1.01 (0.39–2.35) | 0.99 |
| KIR2DS4 | 96.9 | 98.1 | 1.18 (0.26–11.23) | 0.85 | 1.96 (0.22–257.23) | 0.62 |
| KIR2DS5 | 48.1 | 28.3 | 0.44 (0.22–0.81) | 0.008* | 0.39 (0.18–0.80) | 0.010* |
| KIR3DL1 | 98.9 | 100.0 | 1.46 (0.14–196.64) | 0.80 | 0.67 (0.06–92.40) | 0.80 |
| KIR3DP1 | 99.2 | 100.0 | 1.04 (0.08–143.52) | 0.98 | 0.54 (0.04–76.40) | 0.72 |
| KIR3DS1 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 0.93 (0.32–2.27) | 0.87 | 0.99 (0.32–2.63) | 0.99 |
Note: Logistic regression with Firth likelihood penalty was used for all models except KIR2DL4 and KIR3DP1 adjusted models for infants, which were fit using exact logistic regression due to convergence issues. For these two models, the estimate reported is a median unbiased estimate (MUE).
aCI = Confidence interval.
bAdjusted odds ratios derived from multivariable logistic regression controlling for CD4 cell count, viral load, and gravidity. False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction was used to determine significance.
‘*’ Signifies uncorrected P-value that is < 0.05 but is non-significant after correction.