Table 5.
Clinical course and outcomes of hospitalized patients who survived and patients who died, 2009, Santa Fe, Argentina
| Fatal n = 81 | Non‐fatal n = 161 | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean | 39·6 | 27·8 | <0·001 |
| Male sex, no. (%) | 37 (45·7) | 84 (52·2) | 0·34 |
| Comorbidities, no. (%) | 70 (86·4) | 92 (57·1) | <0·001 |
| Radiographic findings on admission – no./total no. (%) | |||
| Consolidation | 26/69 (37·7) | 80/106 (75·5) | <0·001 |
| Interstitial pattern | 24/69 (34·8) | 39/106 (36·7) | 0·78 |
| Air bronchogram | 4/69 (5·8) | 22/106 (20·8) | 0·006 |
| Atelectasis | 1/69 (1·4) | 39/106 (7·5) | <0·001 |
| Complete opacification | 8/69 (11·6) | 1/106 (0·9) | 0·001 |
| Pleural effusion | 1/69 (1·4) | 6/106 (5·6) | 0·16 |
| Days from onset symptoms to first consultation, means | 2·6 (1–22) | 4·26 (1–21) | <0·001 |
| Days from first consultation to hospital admission, means | 3·4 (0–29) | 5·1 (1–21) | <0·001 |
| Days from hospitalization to ICU admission, means | 1·8 (0–31) | 1·41 (0–10) | 0·99 |
| Admitted to intensive care unit – no./total no. (%) | 81/81 (100) | 31/161 (19·2) | <0·001 |
| Assisted ventilation no./total no. (%) | 68/81 (83·9) | 13/161 (8) | <0·001 |
| Diagnosis‐ no./total no. (%) | |||
| Pneumonia | 58/81 (72) | 108/161(67) | 0·47 |
| Influenza | 9/161(5·6) | ||
| ALRI | 7/81 (8·6) | 7/161(4·3) | 0·17 |
| Bronchiolitis | 1/81 (1·2) | 6/161(3·7) | 0·27 |
| Bronchitis | 6/161(3·7) | ||
| DPOC | 2/81 (2·5) | 4/161 (2·5) | 0·98 |
| Febril syndrome | 1/81 (1·2) | ||
| Secondary bacterial infections | 6/81 (7) | 1/161 (0·6) | 0·002 |
| Complications‐ no./total no. (%) | |||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | 58/81 (72) | 6/31 (19) | <0·001 |
| Sepsis and shock | 44/81 (54) | 2/31 (6) | <0·001 |
| Renal insufficiency with dialysis | 10/81 (12) | 1/31 (3) | 0·10 |
| Neurologic complications | 7/81 (8) | ||
| Respiratory arrest | 3/81 (4) | ||
| Liver failure | 1/31 (3) | ||
| Acute lung injury | 38/81 (47) | ||
| Pneumothorax | 7/81 (9) | ||
| CIS | 3/81 (4) | ||
| Heart failure | 18/81 (22) | ||
| Antibiotic treatment no./total no. (%) | 80/81 (98·7) | 137/161 (85) | <0·001 |
| Antiviral treatment (oseltamivir) | n = 70 | n = 157 | |
| Received <48 hours after symptom onset – no./total no. (%) | 6/46 (13) | 32/119 (27) | 0·05 |
| Days from onset symptoms to initiation of antiviral therapy, mean, (range) | 7·4 (1–30) | 5·4 (0–24) | 0·012 |
ALRI, acute lower respiratory infection; ICU, intensive care unit.