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mRNA expression levels of (A) OCN, (B) ALP, (C) RANKL, (D) OPG and (E) ratio of RANKL/OPG in the alveolar bone surrounding the upper first molar region. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05; **P<0.01. OTM, orthodontic tooth movement; NaHS, sodium hydrosulfide; PAG, propargylglycine; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; OCN, osteocalcin; OPG, osteoprotegerin; RANKL, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member-11.
