Fig. 5.

Example of patient–ventilator interaction diagram with poor patient–ventilator interaction. Intra-breath patient–ventilator interaction diagrams resulting from automated (a) and manual analysis by experts 1 (b) and 2 (c) are shown. Histograms of trigger and cycle-off errors are shown above and right of interaction diagrams. Stacked bar charts showing the relative distribution of events are depicted under the interaction diagrams. Corresponding NA and PAW tracings are shown in Fig. 3b