Phylogenetic relationships of chaperonin proteins from bacteria, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. The tree was generated using Phylogeny (http://www.phylogeny.fr/). Protein sequences of E. coli, H. sapiens, and M. musculus chaperonin are from UniProt database [GroEL (P0A6F5), HsHsp60 (P108090), MmHsp60 (P63038)]. Protein sequence of plant mitochondria and chloroplast chaperonins are from Phytozome, TAIR and RGAP [CrHsp60 (Cre06.g309100), AtHsp60-2 (AT2G33210), AtHsp60-3A (AT3G13860), AtHsp60-3B (AT3G23990), OsHsp60-1 (Os10g32550), OsHsp60-2 (Os03g04970), OsHsp60-3 (Os05g46290), CrCpn60α (Cre04.g231222), CrCpn60β1(Cre17.g741450), CrCpn60β2 (Cre07.g339150), AtCpn60α1 (At5g18820), AtCpn60α2 (At2g28000), AtCpn60β1 (At5g56500), AtCpn60β2 (At3g13470), AtCpn60β3 (At1g55490), AtCpn60β4 (At1g26230), OsCpn60α1 (Os12g17910), OsCpn60α2 (Os03g64210), OsCpn60α3 (Os09g38980), OsCpn60β1 (Os06g02380), OsCpn60β2 (Os02g01280), OsCpn60β3 (ChrSy.fgenesh.gene.28)]. The molecular structure was generated by UCSF Chimera (Pettersen et al., 2004) using CrCpn60β1coodinates 5CDI from Protein Data Bank.