Table 1.
Chloroplast chaperonins and co-chaperonins in model species: nomenclature and function.
| Protein name | Organism | Gene number | Mutant line | Phenotype | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CrCpn60α | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Cre04.g231222 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| CrCpn60β1 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Cre17.g741450 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| CrCpn60β2 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Cre07.g339150 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| AtCpn60α1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At2g28000 | T-DNA insertion (slp1) | Retardation of embryo development before the heart stage | Apuya et al., 2001 |
| AtCpn60α2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At5g18820 | T-DNA insertion (emb3007) | Embryo development arrested at the globular stage | Ke et al., 2017 |
| AtCpn60β1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At1g55490 | T-DNA insertion (len1) | Impaired leaves and showed systemic acquired resistance (SAR) under short-day condition | Ishikawa et al., 2003 |
| AtCpn60β2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At3g13470 | T-DNA insertion | No obvious phenotype | Suzuki et al., 2009 |
| AtCpn60β3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At5g56500 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| AtCpn60β4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At1g26230 | Ds transposon-tagged lines(crr27) | Defective in NDH activity | Peng et al., 2011 |
| OsCpn60α1 | Oryza Sativa | Os12g17910 | T-DNA insertion | Pale-green phenotype at the seedling stage | Kim et al., 2013a |
| OsCpn60α2 | Oryza Sativa | Os03g64210 | Natural mutation | Albino phenotype before the 3-leaf stage grown below 24°C | Jiang et al., 2014 |
| OsCpn60α3 | Oryza Sativa | Os09g38980 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| OsCpn60β1 | Oryza Sativa | Os06g02380 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| OsCpn60β2 | Oryza Sativa | Os02g01280 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| OsCpn60β3 | Oryza Sativa | ChrSy.fgenesh.gene.28 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| CrCpn11 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Cre16.g673729 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| CrCpn20 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Cre08.g358562 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| CrCpn23 | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | Cre12.g505850 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| AtCpn10-1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At3g60210 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| AtCpn10-2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At2g44650 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| AtCpn20 | Arabidopsis thaliana | At5g20720 | T-DNA insertion | Increased ABA sensitivity, homozygous lethal | Zhang et al., 2013 |
| OsCpn10 | Oryza Sativa | Os10g41710 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| OsCpn20-1 | Oryza Sativa | Os02g54060 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| OsCpn20-2 | Oryza Sativa | Os09g26730 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| OsCpn20-3 | Oryza Sativa | Os06g09679 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| OsCpn20-4 | Oryza Sativa | Os06g09688 | Unknown | Unknown |
Chloroplast chaperonin names from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana, are according to Phytozome, TAIR, while those from Oryza Sativa are based on the original names described in Kim et al. (2013a). Chloroplast co-chaperonin names from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana are based on the original names described in Tsai et al. (2012) and Vitlin Gruber et al. (2013a). Chloroplast co-chaperonins from Oryza Sativa are named in this review.