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. 2018 Jan 23;8:1421. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-17214-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Consistency over time for (a) Fearfulness and (b) Sociability dimensions. Principal component analyses were performed using averages of similar behaviors expressed in the four tests. Individual coordinates for Session 2 were calculated using the function predict.PCA that keeps the same space created for Session 1. Individual coordinates on each component of each PCA were used (n = 21 calves). More positive values mean that calves were either more fearful (slower to make contact with the novel object and the unfamiliar human) or more sociable (high number of vocalizations and short latency to reach the herd).