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. 2018 Jan 23;8:1394. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19278-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mutation frequency and types of mutations induced by carbon-ion irradiation of dry seeds and seedlings. Mutation frequency was calculated as total number of mutation events divided by length of reference genome 119,146,348 bp (TAIR10.27). Data are mean of six M₂ plants for each experimental group. Error bars represent standard errors for total mutation frequency. Asterisks indicate significant difference in total mutation frequency (t-test, *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01).