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. 2018 Jan 23;8:1436. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19950-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Common pathways of melanin biosynthesis in animals and its related pathways. Enzymes are abbreviated as follows: tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), phenoloxidase (PO), DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), dopachrome conversion enzyme (DCE), dopachrome rearranging enzymes (DRE). Pigment precursors are shown in blue, enzyme are shown in red. Some signaling pathways are indicated around melanin biosynthesis, which were significantly identified in this study and reported to regulate melanin biosynthesis in animals. Some metabolism pathways are also indicated around melanin biosynthesis, which are significantly identified here and reported to involve in other pigments biosynthesis.