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. 2018 Jan 23;8:1395. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19836-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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High fibre diets facilitated refeeding-induced phase resetting of peripheral PER2::LUC rhythms. (A) Experimental schedule. Control: Ad libitum feeding of low fibre diets. Fasting: Mice were fasted overnight. 1 day or 2 days refeeding: Mice were fasted from ZT12 and refed low or high fibre diets (1 g) at ZT4 for 1 day or 2 days. Peripheral PER2::LUC was monitored every 4 hours for 24 hours beginning at ZT7 after refeeding. (B,C) Caecal pH and SCFA content at 4 hours after refeeding of low or high fibre diets in overnight fasted mice (n = 6 for each, except n = 10 for pH of fasting group). (D,E) Averaged PER2::LUC rhythms in each condition. (F) Peak phase changes of PER2::LUC rhythm compared with the peak of the control group. The value of the peak phase of the control was set as 0. All values are expressed as mean ± SEM. The number of mice used in this study is indicated in Table S1. More detail on the statistics used is included in Table S2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, vs. vehicle or low fibre treatments (t-test or Tukey’s multiple comparisons test). P value of the two-way ANOVA is indicated in the lower right side of each graph if significant.