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. 2018 Jan 23;9:338. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02501-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Optogenetic suppression of the MO_s during the visually guided eye movement task. a The experimental design. b ChR2 was expressed virally in PV interneurons in Pvalb-IRES-Cre transgenic mice. AAV-DIO-ChR2-eYFP was injected into the MO_s (coronal section stained with Nissl), and ChR2-eYFP expression was confined to cells expressing PV (white arrows). c Firing was suppressed during blue light illumination. Left, two representative neurons are shown. Right, blue light illumination completely suppressed firing activity in all eight neurons (p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The activity was monitored with blind cell-attached recording. d–g Optogenetic suppression of the MO_s during the task. The virus was injected into the MO_s either in the left (d, g) or right (e, f) hemisphere. Unilateral suppression of the MO_s severely impaired eye movements in the contraversive (d, f) but only mildly in the ipsiversive (e, g) direction. h, i Reaction times for the eye movements. PV activation delayed the onset of contraversive eye movements (h, PV activation, n = 96 trials; control, n = 88 trials; p < 10⁻¹¹), but showed only minor effects on ipsiversive movements (i, PV activation, n = 84 trial; control, n = 126 trials; p = 0.0501, Person’s chi-square test)