Table 1.
Co-pathogen detection in human coronavirus-positive patients
| Co-pathogena | HCoV (n = 231) | 229E (n = 38) | OC43 (n = 161) | NL63 (n = 33) | HKU1 (n = 19) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flu A | 50 (21.6) | 7 (18.4) | 38 (23.6) | 4 (12.1) | 4 (21.1) |
| RSV | 50 (21.6) | 10 (26.3) | 29 (18.0) | 10 (30.3) | 3 (15.8) |
| MP | 39 (16.9) | 3 (7.9) | 27 (16.8) | 3 (9.1) | 8 (42.1) |
| HPIV | 33 (14.3) | 5 (13.2) | 27 (16.7) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (5.3) |
| ADV | 22 (9.5) | 3 (7.9) | 14 (8.7) | 5 (15.2) | 2 (10.5) |
| EV | 20 (8.6) | 4 (10.5) | 10 (6.2) | 6 (18.2) | 1 (5.3) |
| HBoV | 15 (6.5) | –c | 9 (5.6) | 3 (9.1) | 3 (15.8) |
| HMPV | 15 (6.4) | 3 (7.9) | 14 (8.7) | 1 (3.0) | – |
| HRV | 13 (5.6) | 2 (5.3) | 10 (6.2) | 1 (3.0) | – |
| Flu B | 10 (4.3) | – | 9 (5.6) | – | 1 (5.3) |
| CP | 4 (1.7) | – | 3 (1.9) | 1 (3.0) | – |
| HCoVb | 18 (7.8) | 15 (39.5) | 16 (9.9) | 4 (12.1) | 2 (10.5) |
| 229E | 15 (9.3) | 2 (6.1) | – | ||
| OC43 | 15 (39.5) | 2 (6.1) | 1 (5.2) | ||
| NL63 | 2 (5.2) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (5.2) | ||
| HKU1 | – | 1 (0.6) | 1 (3) |
Data are presented as no. (%) of each group. Percentages sum to over 100% because some patients had more than one diagnosis
aFlu A, influenza A virus; Flu B, influenza B virus; ADV, adenovirus; HRV, human rhinovirus; HMPV, human metapneumovirus; EV, enterovirus; MP, Mycoplasma pneumoniae; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; HBoV, human bocavirus; HPIV, human parainfluenza virus; CP, Chlamydia pneumoniae; HCoV, human coronavirus
bDetection of more than one strain of HCoV
cNot detected