Table 1.
Baseline variables
| Characteristic | No COPD, n=494 323 | COPD (self-report), n=8317 | GOLD COPD, n=2620 | |||||
| Count | % | Count | % | P value | Count | % | P value | |
| Sex | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Male | 224 906 | 45.5 | 4268 | 51.3 | 1426 | 54.4 | ||
| Female | 269 417 | 54.5 | 4049 | 48.7 | 1194 | 45.6 | ||
| Age | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Median: 58 | Median: 62 | Median: 63 | ||||||
| IQR: 50–63 | IQR: 57–66 | IQR: 59–66 | ||||||
| Ethnicity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| White | 464 770 | 94.5 | 8052 | 97.3 | 2620 | 100 | ||
| Other | 26 821 | 5.4 | 219 | 2.6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Missing | 2732 | 46 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Socioeconomic deprivation quintile | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 99 672 | 20.2 | 1015 | 12.2 | 309 | 11.8 | ||
| 2 | 98 977 | 20.0 | 1142 | 13.7 | 362 | 13.8 | ||
| 3 | 99 013 | 20.1 | 1399 | 16.8 | 440 | 16.8 | ||
| 4 | 98 660 | 20.0 | 1735 | 20.9 | 580 | 22.2 | ||
| 5 (most deprived) | 98 385 | 19.7 | 3015 | 36.3 | 926 | 35.4 | ||
| Missing | 616 | 11 | 3 | |||||
| Smoking status | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Current | 50 817 | 10.3 | 2172 | 26.3 | 833 | 32.2 | ||
| Previous | 169 015 | 34.4 | 4083 | 49.5 | 1398 | 54.0 | ||
| Never | 271 602 | 55.3 | 1999 | 24.2 | 360 | 13.9 | ||
| Missing | 2889 | 63 | 29 | |||||
| Alcohol frequency | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Daily | 100 070 | 20.3 | 1720 | 20.7 | 618 | 23.6 | ||
| 3–4 times/week | 114 058 | 23.1 | 1404 | 16.9 | 475 | 18.2 | ||
| 1–2 times/week | 127 459 | 25.9 | 1863 | 22.5 | 561 | 21.5 | ||
| 1–3 times/month | 54 979 | 11.2 | 894 | 10.8 | 289 | 11.1 | ||
| Occasional | 56 707 | 11.5 | 1322 | 15.9 | 387 | 14.8 | ||
| Never | 39 569 | 8.0 | 1092 | 13.2 | 284 | |||
| Missing | 1481 | 22 | 6 | 10.9 | ||||
| BMI | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| <18.5 | 2478 | 0.5 | 148 | 1.8 | 56 | 2.2 | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 155 282 | 31.8 | 2185 | 26.8 | 829 | 31.9 | ||
| 25.0–29.9 | 211 102 | 43.2 | 3165 | 38.9 | 1049 | 40.4 | ||
| >30 | 119 813 | 24.5 | 2647 | 32.5 | 665 | 25.6 | ||
| Missing | 5648 | 172 | 21 | |||||
| Physical activity | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| High | 49 827 | 10.6 | 250 | 3.1 | 70 | 2.7 | ||
| Medium | 387 766 | 79.6 | 5838 | 72.0 | 1902 | 73.3 | ||
| Low | 18 354 | 3.8 | 589 | 7.3 | 203 | 7.8 | ||
| None | 31 425 | 6.4 | 1433 | 17.7 | 421 | 16.2 | ||
| Missing | 6951 | 207 | 24 | |||||
| FEV1 (% predicted) | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| >80 | 272 109 | 78.0 | 1853 | 39.2 | 399 | 15.2 | ||
| 50–79 | 71 727 | 20.6 | 2022 | 42.8 | 1409 | 53.8 | ||
| <50 | 4841 | 1.4 | 851 | 18.0 | 812 | 31.0 | ||
| Missing | 145 646 | 3591 | 1061 | |||||
BMI, body mass index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.