Table 1.
Levels of depressive, anxiety and well-being symptoms by demographic characteristics
| Depression*1
(CESD questionnaire) |
P value | Anxiety*2
(HADS-modified) |
P value | Well-being*3
(WHO-5 well-being index) |
P value | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Man (n=182; 46.1%) | 8 (3, 13) | 4 (3, 6) | 18 (13, 20) | |||
| Woman (n=214; 53.9%) | 9 (4, 13) | 0.24 | 5 (4, 7) | 0.0009 | 18 (13, 20) | 0.54 |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 50–59 (n=212; 54.4%) | 9 (4, 13) | 5 (4, 7) | 17 (12, 20) | |||
| 60–69 (n=178; 45.6%) | 8 (3, 13) | 0.44 | 5 (3, 6) | 0.01 | 19 (15, 21) | 0.0003 |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary (n=101; 26.7%) | 8 (4, 14) | 5 (3, 7) | 18 (13, 20) | |||
| Secondary/Tertiary (n=278; 73.3%) | 9 (4, 13) | 0.77 | 5 (3, 7) | 0.82 | 18 (14, 20) | 0.64 |
| Season | ||||||
| Winter/Spring (n=278; 70.2%) | 8 (4, 13) | 5 (3, 7) | 18 (13, 20) | |||
| Summer (n=118; 29.8%) | 9 (4, 13) | 0.58 | 5 (3, 6) | 0.34 | 18 (14, 20) | 0.44 |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||
| Non-moderate drinker (n=86; 22.7%) | 7 (4, 12) | 5 (3, 7) | 18 (15, 20) | |||
| Moderate drinker (n=188; 68.6%) | 9 (4, 13) | 0.89 | 5 (4, 7) | 0.87 | 18 (13, 20) | 0.37 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never (n=203; 52.6%) | 7 (3, 12) | 5 (3, 6) | 18 (14, 20) | |||
| Former (n=126; 32.6%) | 8 (4, 13) | 5 (3, 7) | 18 (14, 20) | |||
| Current smoker (n=57; 14.8%) | 11 (6, 16) | 0.09 | 5 (3, 7) | 0.52 | 16 (11, 20) | 0.24 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Not married (n=89; 22.7%) | 10 (4, 15) | 5 (3, 6) | 17 (12, 20) | |||
| Married (n=304; 77.3%) | 8 (4, 13) | 0.17 | 5 (3, 7) | 0.32 | 18 (14, 20) | 0.09 |
| BMI status | ||||||
| Normal weight (n=79; 20.0%) | 2 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | 3 (2, 3) | |||
| Overweight (n=189; 47.7%) | 2 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | 3 (2, 3) | |||
| Obese (n=128; 32.3%) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.43 | 1 (1, 2) | 0.93 | 3 (2, 3) | 0.29 |
Vales are presented as median (25th, 75th percentiles).
*Continuous scores 10–60 range 20–21 range 30–25 range.
BMI, body mass index; CESD, Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.