Table 5.
Comparison of contemporary vaccine effect measures from community‐based studies using a PCR endpoint in working‐age adults
| Study and setting | Design | Years | Age group | Vaccine effect measure | Participants | VE (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | With influenza | Without influenza | ||||||
| Observational study, Australia (this study) | Test‐negative design | 2007–2008 and 2010–20011 | 20–64 years | Effectiveness of all strains | 1343 | 425 | 918 | 62 (43, 75) |
| Pooled observational study, Europe [25] | Test‐negative design from eight countries | 2010–2011 | 15–59 years | Effectiveness of all strains | 2511 | 1117 | 1394 | 41 (−3, 66) |
| Systematic review, vaccines licensed in the USA [24] | Mantel–Haenszelrandom effects model meta‐analysis | Searched for eligible studies 1967–2011 | 18–64 years | Efficacy of all strains | 32 470 | 578 | 31 892 | 59 (51, 67) |
| Vaccine licensure study, Australia and New Zealand [23] | Randomized controlled trial | 2008–2009 | 18–64 years | Efficacy‐matched strains Efficacy of non‐matched strains | 14 859 | 277 | 14 582 | 60 (44, 72) 42 (30, 52) |