Table 2.
Emulsion composition and physical characterization
| Emulsion | Oil (% v/v) | Surfactant (% w/v) | Excipients | Dilution for injection | Hemolysis (%) | Zeta potential (mV) | Dynamic viscosity (cP) | pH |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EM057 | Squalene (10) | P188 (1·9) | – | 5× | 0·1 | −5·5 | 1·9 | 7·6 |
| EM016 | Squalene (10) | P80 (1·9) | – | 5× | 0·1 | −12·6 | 1·5 | 6·2 |
| EM074 | Squalene (10) | eggPC (1·9) | – | 5× | 0·1 | −15·1 | 1·5 | 7·1 |
| EM059 | MCT (10) | eggPC (1·9) | – | 5× | 0·4 | −25·7 | 1·6 | 4·2 |
| EM058 | Squalene (10) | eggPC/P188 (1·9/0·1) | Phosphate buffer | 5× | 0·6 | −6·3 | 1·6 | 5·5 |
| EM030 | Squalene (10) | eggPC/P188 (1·9/0·1) | Phosphate buffer, glycerol | 5× | 0·1 | −4·5 | 1·6 | 5·6 |
| EM001 | Squalene (10) | eggPC/P188 (1·9/0·1) | Phosphate buffer, glycerol, α‐toc | 5× | 0·0 | −7·0 | NM | 5·6 |
| EM022* | Squalene (5) | P80/S85 (0·5/0·5) | Citrate buffer | 2× | 0·1 | −22·3 | 1·2 | 6·1 |
Hemolysis measured near date of manufacture; zeta potential, viscosity, and pH measured ∼3 months post‐manufacture. To more closely mimic MF59®, EM022 was manufactured at 5%25v/v oil, whereas all other emulsions were manufactured at 10% v/v oil (corresponding physical measurements could be affected by the lower oil content in EM022, e.g. viscosity).
MCT, medium‐chain triglyceride; eggPC, egg phosphatidylcholine; P80, polysorbate 80; P188, poloxamer 188; S85, sorbitan trioleate; α‐toc, α‐tocopherol; NM, not measured.