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. 2012 Nov 5;7(5):815–826. doi: 10.1111/irv.12031

Table 3.

Stability and biological activity effects of emulsion components

Component Structural classes evaluated Effect on emulsion stability Effect on vaccine adjuvant activity
Oil Triterpene ++
Triglyceride
Emulsifier Polysorbate ++
Poloxamer
Phospholipid
Excipients Buffer +
Isotonic agent
Antioxidant

Qualitative rating of the component effects on stability or biological activity: large effect (++), some effect (+), little or no effect (−).